In the process of model modification of large and complex structures, substructure synthesis method and modal reduction method have been widely used, but there are still some difficulties in precision control and engineering application in the process of model updating. In order to better study the dynamic response of the vibration substructure, the synthesis and correction method of the classical dynamic substructure is described in this paper, which provides a new idea for further engineering development. In the aspect of substructure synthesis method, the modal reduction of substructures, two methods of classical substructure synthesis, mechanical impedance method, singular value decomposition method, rigidity-flexibility equivalence, and transformation of degree of freedom are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the above methods are discussed. In terms of substructure modification, the reference datum method, function dynamic modification method, neural network model modification, and frequency response function modification are analyzed, and the shortcomings of the dynamic substructure modification method are summarized. Finally, the development trend of dynamic substructure synthesis and modification algorithm is proposed.