Full-Field Transmission X-ray Microspectroscopy (FF-XANES) Applied to Cultural Heritage Materials: The Case of Ancient Ceramics

Sciau, Philippe; Wang, Tian

doi:10.5772/intechopen.83633

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…8,[16][17][18][19][20][21] Since the 1990s, almost all studies on Chinese ceramics were carried out in the research centers housing a laboratory-scale infrastructure, which ranges from conventional XRD, XRF, SEM-EDS, electron probe microanalysis, ICP-MS, Raman, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] to more sophisticated techniques such as TEM, NAA, thermal ionization mass spectrometry, proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), Mö ssbauer spectroscopy, full-field transmission X-ray microspectrometry, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. [35][36][37][38][39] As mentioned above, the analyses aim to identify the body, glaze, and coloring agent constituents, as well as to resolve the discussion of the authenticity of the objects. Most studies focus on excavated materials, 24,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] which are more reliable for authenticity and provenance determination, but generally consist of kiln waste remains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handheld X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Versus Wavelength Dispersive XRF: Characterization of Chinese Blue-and-White Porcelain Sherds Using Handheld and Laboratory-Type XRF Instruments

Franci

2019

Appl Spectrosc

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Almost all archaeometric studies on Chinese ceramics are carried out on the excavation materials. Therefore, a detailed, comparable database that defines different workshops and production periods already exists. But the masterpieces preserved at museums, art galleries, and/or private collections, which are artistically considered as genuine artifacts, also require similar scientific investigations to define their provenance and authenticity. The research on artworks is only possible with the use of portable, noninvasive techniques that are developing daily concerning their capability of detection limits, rate of measurement, and ease of use. In this study, the results obtained with a handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (also called portable XRF) and wavelength dispersive XRF instrument were compared to evidence the efficiency and drawbacks of the portable model. To achieve this goal, 12 sherds, which represent blue-and-white porcelains of Yuan and Ming Dynasties (China), were analyzed and the chemical composition of the body, glaze, and blue decor were identified. The comparison of the results with the measurements carried out on the excavation materials, which are produced in both southern and northern China, revealed the authenticity of the artifacts. Even sodium cannot be detected with portable XRF, the distinction of different production centers is possible with the detection of major (Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca), minor (Fe, Ti), and trace elements (Zr, Sr, Rb).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handheld X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Versus Wavelength Dispersive XRF: Characterization of Chinese Blue-and-White Porcelain Sherds Using Handheld and Laboratory-Type XRF Instruments

Franci

2019

Appl Spectrosc

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“…Overall, our results show that Ca K-edge FF-XANES imaging in transmission mode can be successfully employed for studying heterogeneous limestone samples, permitting to distinguish various crystalline and amorphous CaCO 3 -based compounds with high specificity, high lateral resolution (~ 1.4 µm) and large FOV (orders of mm 2 ). However, it is known that the success of this kind of investigations strongly depends on the thickness and composition of the analyzed sample [53][54][55] . As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron radiation Ca K-edge 2D-XANES spectroscopy for studying the stratigraphic distribution of calcium-based consolidants applied in limestones

Monico

Cartechini²,

Rosi³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In Heritage Science, the evaluation of stone consolidation treatments by investigating the nature of in situ newly formed products and their penetration depth within the consolidated matrix is a grand challenge. A number of analytical methods have been proposed, but, currently, most of them are not able to supply a full overview of the spatial, structural and compositional information of the newly formed crystalline and amorphous phases with a submicrometric lateral resolution. Here, we examined, the capabilities of synchrotron radiation (SR)-based two-dimensional X-ray absorption near-edge structure (2D-XANES) spectroscopy at Ca K-edge for determining the structural and compositional properties of the compounds formed after the application of a calcium acetoacetatebased consolidant on a porous carbonatic stone (limestone) and for investigating their stratigraphic distribution at the submicrometric scale length. We evaluated advantages and drawbacks of three Ca K-edge 2D-XANES-based approaches: (i) transmission mode full-field-XANES (FF-XANES) imaging; (ii) micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) mapping above the Ca K-edge combined with the acquisition of XRF mode μ-XANES spectra at a limited number of spots; (iii) full-spectral µ-XANES (FS µ-XANES) mapping in XRF mode and its variant called selectively induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (SIXES) mapping. Overall, Ca K-edge 2D-XANES spectroscopy provided accurate qualitative and semiquantitative information on the newly formed calcium carbonates (i.e., amorphous calcium carbonate, vaterite and calcite) and their stratigraphic distribution at the submicrometric scale, thus opening a new scenario to study the carbonatation process of calcium-based consolidants in limestones. Stone consolidation is a major challenge for protection of buildings and stone artefacts from weathering and decay, which usually lead to decohesion of the structural elements of the material. Over the last decades, thanks to the progress in material science and nanotechnology, a wide range of novel materials has been developed, with the aim of re-establishing adhesion, cohesion and stability of the damaged stone as well as to improve efficacy and durability of the treatment 1,2. The effectiveness of a consolidation treatment depends on different aspects, including penetration depth, reaction kinetics and mechanism of formation of the final products, and physical-chemical properties of the consolidant phase in the stone matrix. In consideration of that, tailored analytical tools and methodologies have been developed to characterize newly synthesized consolidation products and to understand the chemistry behind their performances. Although

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“…µand nano-XANES are still relatively recent application in the CH field and therefore poorly explored [20]. In literature, very few examples discuss the merits of µXANES in the mild or hard X-ray range, particularly suitable for technological studies on slips and gloss layers in decorated vessels [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron X-ray Microprobes: An Application on Ancient Ceramics

et al. 2021

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Synchrotron X-ray µ- and nano-probes are increasingly affirming their relevance in cultural heritage applications, especially in material characterization of tiny and complex micro-samples which are typical from archaeological and artistic artifacts. For such purposes, synchrotron radiation facilities are tailoring and optimizing beamlines and set-ups for CH, taking also advantages from the challenges offered by the third-generation radiation sources. In ancient ceramics studies, relevant information for the identification of production centers and manufacture technology can be obtained in a non-invasive and non-destructive way at the micro-sample level by combining different SR based methods. However, the selection of appropriate beamlines, techniques and set-ups are critical for the success of the experiments. Fine and varnished wares (e.g., Attic and western-Greek colonial products) are an excellent case study for exploring challenges offered by synchrotron X-ray microprobes optimized to collect microchemical and phase-distribution maps. The determination of provenance and/or technological tracers is relevant in correctly classifying productions, often based only on ceramic paste, gloss macroscopic features or style. In addition, when these vessels are preserved in Museums as masterpieces or intact pieces the application of non-invasive approach at the micro sample is strictly required. Well-designed synchrotron µXRF and µXANES mapping experiments are able providing relevant clues for discriminating workshops and exploring technological aspects, which are fundamental in answering the current archaeological questions on varnished Greek or western-Greek colonial products.

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Full-Field Transmission X-ray Microspectroscopy (FF-XANES) Applied to Cultural Heritage Materials: The Case of Ancient Ceramics

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Handheld X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Versus Wavelength Dispersive XRF: Characterization of Chinese Blue-and-White Porcelain Sherds Using Handheld and Laboratory-Type XRF Instruments

Handheld X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Versus Wavelength Dispersive XRF: Characterization of Chinese Blue-and-White Porcelain Sherds Using Handheld and Laboratory-Type XRF Instruments

Synchrotron radiation Ca K-edge 2D-XANES spectroscopy for studying the stratigraphic distribution of calcium-based consolidants applied in limestones

Synchrotron X-ray Microprobes: An Application on Ancient Ceramics

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