Full-length genome characterization of a novel recombinant vaccine-like lumpy skin disease virus strain detected during the climatic winter in Russia, 2019

Sprygin, Alexander; Schalkwyk, Antoinette van; Shumilova, Irina; Nesterov, Alexander; Kononova, Svetlana; Prutnikov, Pavel; Byadovskaya, Olga; Кононов, А. В.

doi:10.1007/s00705-020-04756-7

Cited by 48 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…Although the first tentative data about recombination events in Capx viruses were reported by Gershon et al in 1988 [63], by means of restriction enzyme maps, no additional evidence emerged until recently. Vaccine-like LSDV recombinants were reported in Russia [64], where they were linked to outbreaks in 2017 [65] and 2019 [66] and in China [67]. Therefore the finding of LSDV-GTPV recombinant-like sequences in region 4 and to a minor extent in region 5 of the Lumpivax vaccine is intriguing as this suggests that recombinants are present in the vaccine vial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Quality Control of LSDV Live Attenuated Vaccines for Its Safe Application in the Field

et al. 2021

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Vaccination is an effective approach to prevent, control and eradicate diseases, including lumpy skin disease (LSD). One of the measures to address farmer hesitation to vaccinate is guaranteeing the quality of vaccine batches. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the importance of a quality procedure via the evaluation of the LSD vaccine, Lumpivax (Kevevapi). The initial PCR screening revealed the presence of wild type LSD virus (LSDV) and goatpox virus (GTPV), in addition to vaccine LSDV. New phylogenetic PCRs were developed to characterize in detail the genomic content and a vaccination/challenge trial was conducted to evaluate the impact on efficacy and diagnostics. The characterization confirmed the presence of LSDV wild-, vaccine- and GTPV-like sequences in the vaccine vial and also in samples taken from the vaccinated animals. The analysis was also suggestive for the presence of GTPV-LSDV (vaccine/wild) recombinants. In addition, the LSDV status of some of the animal samples was greatly influenced by the differentiating real-PCR used and could result in misinterpretation. Although the vaccine was clinically protective, the viral genomic content of the vaccine (being it multiple Capripox viruses and/or recombinants) and the impact on the diagnostics casts serious doubts of its use in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Quality Control of LSDV Live Attenuated Vaccines for Its Safe Application in the Field

et al. 2021

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“…Ni-2490-like isolates was recently demonstrated in regions of the Russian Federation bordering Kazakhstan Republic, with these vaccine-derived recombinant isolates circulating in the field (Sprygin, Pestova, et al, 2020). These isolates, Saratov/2017, Kurgan/2018 and Udmurtiya/2019, have been described and published (Kononov et al, 2020;Sprygin et al, 2018;Sprygin, Van Schalkwyk, et al, 2020). Recombinant isolates contain genetic sequences present in vaccine isolates (live homologous Neethling and KSGP/Ni-2490-like vaccines) and retain a virulent phenotype causing LSD outbreaks in the field.…”

Section: Recombination Between Live Homologous Vaccines and Ksgp/mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of the currently available DIVA real‐time PCR assays in classical and recombinant lumpy skin disease viruses

Byadovskaya

Pestova

Кононов

et al. 2021

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The use of live homologous vaccines to protect against lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection requires the use of molecular tools to differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). In this study, the commercial real-time PCR assays; ID Gene™ LSD DIVA Triplex kit and Bio-T kit ® LSD -DIVA, as well as published assays targeting the GPCR gene (Journal of Virological Methods, 249, 48-57) and ORF008 and ORF126 (Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya, 54, 347-358) were evaluated. These assays correctly identified classical field isolates (European lineage) and vaccine (Neethling vaccine). In contrast, when tested using vaccine-like recombinant viruses, the commercial and published assays were not able to correctly identify recombinant isolates. At the same time, the recombinant viruses were detected as either field and/or vaccine, or not detected at all depending on the assay. The different gene sequences present in recombinant viruses cause these DIVA assays to incorrectly assign recombinant viruses as either a field or vaccine virus. This observation has implications for using these assays and for identification of LSDV vaccine.

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“…In fact, a phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleic acid sequences of CapPVs isolates using the Neighbor-Joining algorithm showed three separate genetic clusters consisting of LSDV, GTPV and SPPV lineages [4]. Moreover, a certain intra-group diversity in the LSDV cluster was revealed [4,22,24,31,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis clustered LSDV wild field outbreak-related isolates, vaccine and the so-called 'vaccine-like' strains into separate clades within the Capripoxvirus family [31,[35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This tool could be used to understand the specific diversity of LSDV strains during both single and recurrent outbreaks and retrospectively, to identify the origin of the main lineage(s) of the pathogen related to the outbreak as the possible causative agent of LSD, and to unravel the case(s) of probable transboundary LSDV circulation and transmission to neighboring region(s). Further, it is important to unravel the molecular diversity of the so-called 'vaccine-like' LSDV strains, which were recently identified in some transboundary territories after the immunization of cattle against LSD with live homologous virus vaccines [31,36,37,[39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Evidence of Multiple Introductions of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus into Saratov Region, Russia

et al. 2021

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Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is the causative agent of lumpy skin disease (LSD) that has been recently reported in the South-East and North Asian parts of the Russian Federation. During 2017–2019, there were more than 30 LSD outbreaks in Saratov Region despite active inoculation of cattle with heterologous vaccine. Importantly, the first case of the novel recombinant LSDV strain was reported here in 2017. This study aimed to determine the main clonal lineage(s) of LSDV strains circulated within Saratov Region and other regions of Russia since the first introduction of LSDV. The molecular typing and subtyping based on the coding regions of the G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) gene resulted in a discrimination of all outbreak-related LSDV strains into two main types, such as Type I and Type II, and subtypes Ia-d and IIa-g. Phylogenetically, eleven LSDV lineages were revealed in Russia including the five ones in Saratov Region. They were the following: (i) the Neethling wild Type Ia/2017; (ii) the recombinant Saratov IIc/2017/2019; (iii) the specific Dergachevskyi IId/2017; (iv) the Khvalynsky IIg/2018, and (v) the Haden-Type IIa lineage for the six LSDV strains detected in cattle immunized with heterologous vaccine during the last LSD outbreak in the Saratov Region, Nesterovo Village, in 2019 (Nesterovo-2019 strains). A single LSDV strain detected in Saratov Region in 2017 had the same Type Ia that was identified in 2016 in the bordered Republic of Kazakhstan. Phylogeographic analysis demonstrated three nominal clusters of LSDV types in the following Russian Federation territories: (I) the Central European part; (II) the South-East of the European part; (III) the North Asian part. Cluster I was represented by mainly Type I strains, while both Clusters 2 and 3 contained predominantly Type II strains. The Clusters I and II partially overlapped, while Cluster 3 was separate. Multiple introductions of LSDV into Saratov Region in 2017–2019 using GPCR-based molecular typing and subtyping were revealed. This scheme is a promising tool for molecular discrimination of LSDV strains derived from both vaccinated and unvaccinated against LSD cattle as well as for molecular epidemiology.

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Full-length genome characterization of a novel recombinant vaccine-like lumpy skin disease virus strain detected during the climatic winter in Russia, 2019

Cited by 48 publications

References 5 publications

The Importance of Quality Control of LSDV Live Attenuated Vaccines for Its Safe Application in the Field

The Importance of Quality Control of LSDV Live Attenuated Vaccines for Its Safe Application in the Field

Performance of the currently available DIVA real‐time PCR assays in classical and recombinant lumpy skin disease viruses

Genetic Evidence of Multiple Introductions of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus into Saratov Region, Russia

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