Full load synthesis/design optimization of a hybrid SOFC–GT power plant

Scrutiny of MT-SOFC Stack Manifolding Design Using CFD

“…SOFCs produce excess heat that may thermally self sustain the stack, drive peripheral electricity generation devices or reformers or indeed, heat water. When a SOFC, or stack thereof, is combined with gas turbines, on the exhaust side, the overall system efficiency can be quite impressive [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. This extra heat may also be provided to an external fuel reformer.…”

“…The electric field, mass species and energy transport, fluid flow, heat transfer and mass transfer in the manifolds and porous electrodes are considered, since electrochemical reaction terms for these phenomena are included in the electrochemical model. Furthermore since the electrochemical performance within the cell is coupled to the flow and temperature, the following standard conservation laws, Equations (2)(3)(4), are used in the model [40]: Where i is the species density, is the fluid velocity, t is the time, p is the pressure, μ is the viscosity, g is the gravitational constant, Q is the heat flux vector, and e is the total energy per unit mass, S m,i is the rate of species i production due to the electrochemical reactions, and S h is the volumetric heat source [41,42].…”

Advanced Power Generation Technologies: Fuel Cells

“…The high temperature of SOFC products provides very good potential for hybrid SOFC systems, especially for distributed generation (DG). The outlet temperature of SOFCs perfectly matches the requirement of modern gas turbines (Calise et al, 2007). Rajashekara (2005) classified the hybrid fuel cell systems as Type-1 and Type-2 systems.…”

“…These experiences prove the possibility of integrating SOFC and gas turbine. However, they showed that this integration was not necessarily straightforward, and finding a GT with operational condition close to SOFC exhaust condition and coupling them could be extremely challenging (Calise et al, 2007). The advanced cycles that can be used as bottoming cycle for SOFCs are briefly explained in the following subsection.…”

“…Existence of heavier hydrocarbons in natural gas, which at high temperatures have a tendency to produce unwanted materials, such as carbon, can intensify the problem. Therefore, to avoid aforementioned problems, it is suggested that the fuel cell system to be equipped with a compact pre-reformer (Peters et al, 2000(Peters et al, , 2002Ahmed & Foger, 2000;Calise et al, 2007;Dicks et al, 2000).…”