Full-phase photon-counting double-random-phase encryption

Abstract

We investigate a full-phase-based photon-counting double-random-phase encryption (PC-DRPE) method. A PC technique is applied during the encryption process, creating sparse images. The statistical distribution of the PC decrypted data for full-phase encoding and amplitude-phase encoding are derived, and their statistical parameters are used for authentication. The performance of the full-phase PC-DRPE is compared with the amplitude-based PC-DRPE method. The PC decrypted images make it difficult to visually authenticate the input image; however, advanced correlation filters can be used to authenticate the decrypted images given the correct keys. Initial computational simulations show that the full-phase PC-DRPE has the potential to require fewer photons for authentication than the amplitude-based PC-DRPE.

Authenticated communication from quantum readout of PUFs

“…In the field of optical encryption [20] phase masks are a popular physical encryption device that can be secure under specific conditions [21]. However, in contrast to PUFs, a phase mask can be easily replicated.…”

2D non-separable linear canonical transform (2D-NS-LCT) based cryptography

“…A digital counterpart of the conventional DRPE system is vulnerable to some organized attacks [9][10][11][12] . Thereafter, many studies for instance, pixel scrambling [13][14][15][16] , random permutation technique 17 and photon-counting approaches [18][19][20] that associated with the classical encryption system, regarded as enhancing the information security. It however is widely accepted that the security of any encryption system depends on the keys used and therefore the larger the key-space the more the security will be 5 .…”

Security authentication with a three-dimensional optical phase code using random forest classifier

“…This area of research includes image encryption [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], authentication [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], and compression or secure storage [25,26]. Authenticating sensitive information is critical to discovering tampering caused by a miscreant.…”

“…Authenticating sensitive information is critical to discovering tampering caused by a miscreant. Methodologies for image authentication includes both optical [16][17][18][19][20][21] and simulated [22,23] authentication schemes.…”