We present systematically ab-initio calculations for defect energies of 3d and 4sp impurities (ScGe) in Fe. The calculations are based on the Generalized-Gradient-Approximation in the density-functional formalism and the full-potential Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (FPKKR) Green's function method. First we examine the distance dependence, from the 1st-to the 10th-neighbors, of the impurity-impurity (II; I = ScGe) interaction energies (E int ) and show that for most cases, the 1st-neighboring II interaction energies (E 1 int ) are dominant. We found that fundamental features of phase diagrams of Fe-based binary alloys, such as segregation, solid solution and order, known experimentally, may be classified by use of the sign and magnitude of E 1 int . Second we discuss the calculated results for the 1st-and 2nd-neighboring interaction energies of 3d and 4sp impurities with perturbed-angular-correlation (PAC)-probe Sn in Fe. The comparison of the calculated results with available experimental results shows that the observed attraction for SnCo, SnNi and SnCu may be understood by the 1st-neighboring interaction energies of these impurity pairs, while the obsreved repulsion for SnGa, and SnGe by the 2nd-neighboring interaction energies of these impurity pairs. We also discuss the magnetism of single impurities X (= ScCu) in Fe. The anti-parallel coupling to the bulk magnetization of the neighboring Fe atoms is stable for ScMn, while the parallel coupling for FeCu.