Full Quantitative Near-Field Characterization of Strongly Coupled Exciton–Plasmon Polaritons in Thin-Layered WSe₂ on a Monocrystalline Gold Platelet

Abstract

Exciton−plasmon polaritons (EPPs) are attractive for both the exploration of fundamental phenomena and applications in nanophotonics. Previous studies of EPPs mainly relied on far-field characterization. Here, using near-field optical microscopy, we quantitatively characterize the dispersion of EPPs existing in 13 nm-thick tungsten diselenide (WSe 2 ) deposited on a monocrystalline gold platelet. We extract from our experimental data a Rabi splitting of 81 meV and an experimental effective polariton loss of 55 meV, demonstrating that our system is in the strong-coupling regime. Furthermore, we measure for the first time at visible wavelengths the propagation length of these EPPs for each excitation energy of the dispersion relation. To demonstrate the quantitative nature of our near-field method to obtain the full complex-valued wavevector of EPPs, we use our near-field measurements to predict, via the transfer matrix method, the far-field reflectivities across the exciton resonance. These predictions are in excellent agreement with our experimental far-field measurements. Our findings open the door toward the full near-field study of light-manipulating devices at the nanoscale.