Full-Scale Structural and Nonstructural Building System Performance during Earthquakes: Part II – NCS Damage States

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SUMMARY This paper investigates the seismic performance of a functional traction elevator as part of a full-scale five-story building shake table test program. The test building was subjected to a suite of earthquake input motions of increasing intensity, first while the building was isolated at its base, and subsequently while it was fixed to the shake table platen. In addition, low-amplitude white noise base excitation tests were conducted while the elevator system was placed in three different configurations, namely, by varying the vertical location of its cabin and counterweight, to study the acceleration amplifications of the elevator components due to dynamic excitations. During the earthquake tests, detailed observation of the physical damage and operability of the elevator as well as its measured response are reported. Although the cabin and counterweight sustained large accelerations due to impact during these tests, the use of well-restrained guide shoes demonstrated its effectiveness in preventing the cabin and counterweight from derailment during high-intensity earthquake shaking. However, differential displacements induced by the building imposed undesirable distortion of the elevator components and their surrounding support structure, which caused damage and inoperability of the elevator doors. It is recommended that these aspects be explicitly considered in elevator seismic design.

Section: Elevator Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shake table testing of an elevator system in a full‐scale five‐story building

Wang

Hutchinson

Astroza

et al. 2016

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“…It is notable that the design target PIDR of about 2.5% was achieved during test FB-5, while well above the design target PIDR of 6% was attained during test FB-6. Interested readers may find additional information regarding the broader test program and results in [12][13][14].…”

Section: Shake Table Test Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(UCSD) in 2012 [12][13][14]. Within this test building, for the first time, a prefabricated steel stair system was installed at full scale, allowing investigation of system-level interactions between the primary structure and the stairs as well as interaction between the stairs and other nonstructural components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic characteristics and seismic behavior of prefabricated steel stairs in a full‐scale five‐story building shake table test program

Wang

Astroza

Hutchinson

et al. 2015

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Summary This paper investigates the dynamic characteristics and seismic behavior of prefabricated steel stairs in a full‐scale five‐story building shake table test program. The test building was subjected to a suite of earthquake input motions and low‐amplitude white noise base excitations first, while the building was isolated at its base, and subsequently while it was fixed to the shake table platen. This paper presents the modal characteristics of the stairs identified using the data recorded from white noise base excitation tests as well as the physical and measured responses of the stairs from the earthquake tests. The observed damage to the stairs is categorized into three distinct damage states and is correlated with the interstory drift demands of the building. These shake table tests highlight the seismic vulnerability of modern designed stair systems and in particular identifies as a key research need the importance of improving the deformability of flight‐to‐building connections. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

“…6 Similarly, extensive damage to NCSs in different facilities was reported after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake, 7 and even in some cases, the loss of human life had been attributed to falling ceiling boards. Chen et al 9 and Pantoli et al 10 reported on a series of 1D shaking experiments on a full-scale, 5-story reinforced concrete building, conducted at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) NEES site (NEES@UCSD). Recent Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) projects have focused on system-level response evaluation of NCSs on full-scale shake table experiments, to better understand their performance under seismic excitation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational simulation of slab vibration and horizontal‐vertical coupling in a full‐scale test bed subjected to 3D shaking at E‐Defense

Pujols

Ryan

2017

Summary This paper focuses on slab vibration and a horizontal‐vertical coupling effect observed in a full‐scale 5‐story moment frame test bed building in 2 configurations: isolated with a hybrid combination of lead‐rubber bearings and cross‐linear (rolling) bearings, and fixed at the base. Median peak slab vibrations were amplified—relative to the peak vertical shake table accelerations—by factors ranging from 2 at the second floor to 7 at the roof, and horizontal floor accelerations were significantly amplified during 3D (combined horizontal and vertical) motions compared with 2D (horizontal only) motions of comparable input intensity. The experimentally observed slab accelerations and the horizontal‐vertical coupling effect were simulated through a 3D model of the specimen using standard software and modeling assumptions. The floor system was modeled with frame elements for beams/girders and shell elements for floor slabs; the insertion point method with end joint offsets was used to represent the floor system composite behavior, and floor mass was finely distributed through element discretization. The coupling behavior was partially attributed to the asymmetry of the building that was intensified by asymmetrically configured supplemental mass at the roof. Horizontal‐vertical coupled modes were identified through modal analysis and verified with evaluation of floor spectral peaks.