Full sequence analysis of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes and proteins of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus detected in Iran, 2015

Yegani, Sima; Shoushtari, A; Eshratabadi, Fatemeh; Molouki, Aidin

doi:10.1007/s11250-018-1731-3

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Several reports on the AIV of low (Fereidouni et al., 2010; Ghalyanchi Langeroudi et al., 2013; Heydarchi et al., 2010; Mehrabadi et al., 2018; Nili & Asasi, 2003) and high pathogenicity (Ghafouri et al., 2019; Yegani et al., 2019) have been published from Iran. However, most of the works have studied the poultry, and therefore, little is known about the status and current subtypes of the AIV circulating in the Iranian domestic and wild waterfowls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation, whole‐genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of three H3N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks at live poultry markets of Iran, 2017: First report

Abtin

Shoushtari

Mehrabadi

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Avian influenza type A viruses (AIV) can infect a broad range of hosts including human and birds, making them an important viral pathogen with zoonotic potential. Ducks are a known reservoir for many avian viruses including the AIV. Objectives To sequence the entire genome of duck‐derived H3N2 and ran comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on them to study their origin. Methods In this study, 962 cloacal swabs were collected from domestic ducks at several live poultry markets (LPMs) of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces of Iran in the year 2017. Results Preliminary assays such as haemagglutination inhibition assay (HI), Neuraminidase Inhibition assay(NI) and RT‐qPCR suggested that 0.5% of the birds were infected by H3 low pathogenic influenza viruses (LPAI). Three isolates were selected for whole genome sequencing. The cleavage site of the HA genes showed a PEKQTR/GLF motif, an indicator of LPAI. Furthermore, BLAST and phylogenetic analyses of the HA gene showed high homology to the Eurasian lineage of H3N8 AIV (95.5%–97.1% to several European and East Asian isolates). However, the NA genes showed high homology (at most 96.5–96.9%) to those belonging to AIV N2 subtype. Furthermore, internal genes showed high homology (96%–98%) to a variety of duck‐origin subtypes and glycoprotein combinations, which were different for each segment. This showed a complex reassortment between different subtypes. Discussion This report is the first whole genome sequencing and complete characterisation of H3N2 AIV from Iran. Conclusion Such surveillance should continue to study the evolution and possible emergence of viruses with pandemic potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation, whole‐genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of three H3N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks at live poultry markets of Iran, 2017: First report

Abtin

Shoushtari

Mehrabadi

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…Several reports on the AIV of low (Nili and Asasi 2003;Fereidouni et al 2010;Heydarchi et al 2010;Ghalyanchi Langeroudi et al 2013;Mehrabadi et al 2018) and high pathogenicity (Yegani et al 2019;Ghafouri et al 2019) have been published from Iran. However, most of the works have studied the poultry, and therefore, little is known about the status and current subtypes of the AIV circulating in the Iranian domestic and wild waterfowls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, Whole-Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of Three H3N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated From Domestic Ducks at Live Poultry Markets of Iran, 2017: First Report

Abtin

Shoushtari

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Avian influenza type A viruses (AIV) can infect a broad range of hosts including human and birds, making them an important viral pathogen with zoonotic potential. Among birds, ducks are a known reservoir for many avian viruses including the AIV. During migration seasons in Iran, this bird species is generally at a high risk of being infected by free-living aquatic birds. In this study, 962 cloacal swabs were collected from domestic ducks at several live poultry markets (LPMs) of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces of Iran in the year 2017. Preliminary assays such as HI, NI, MDT, ICPI and RT-qPCR suggested that 0.5% of the birds were infected by H3 low pathogenic influenza viruses (LPAI). Three isolates were selected for whole genome sequencing. The cleavage site of the HA genes showed a PEKQTR/GLF motif, an indicator of LPAI. Furthermore, BLAST and phylogenetic analyses of the HA gene showed high homology to the Eurasian lineage of H3N8 AIV (95.5–97.1% to several European and East Asian isolates). However, the NA genes showed high homology (at most 96.5–96.9%) to those belonging to AIV N2 subtype. Furthermore, internal genes showed high homology (96–98%) to a variety of duck-origin subtypes and glycoprotein combinations, which were different for each segment. This showed a complex reassortment between different subtypes. Our report is the first whole genome sequencing and complete characterization of H3N2 AIV from Iran. Such surveillance should continue to study the evolution and possible emergence of viruses with pandemic potential.

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“…While the main reservoir for AIVs is waterfowl, such as mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), domestic poultry is an enormous amplifying host and source of viral evolution [36,37]. There are some indications of the oseltamivir-resistant mutation NA-H274Y in chickens in Iran [38] and in few NA sequences submitted to GISAID (see Discussion). We aimed to better understand the putative pathway for oseltamivir resistance to enter the avian reservoir, particularly poultry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An oseltamivir-resistant avian H1N1 influenza A virus can transmit from mallards to chickens similarly to a wild-type strain: implications for the risk of resistance transmission to humans

Skog

Nykvist

Naguib

et al. 2023

Journal of General Virology

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The neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) oseltamivir is stockpiled globally as part of influenza pandemic preparedness. However, oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) resistance develops in avian influenza virus (AIV) infecting mallards exposed to environmental-like OC concentrations, suggesting that environmental resistance is a real concern. Herein we used an in vivo model to investigate if avian influenza H1N1 with the OC-resistant mutation NA-H274Y (51833/H274Y) as compared to the wild-type (wt) strain (51833 /wt) could transmit from mallards, which would potentially be exposed to environmentally contaminated environments, to and between chickens, thus posing a potential zoonotic risk of antiviral-resistant AIV. Regardless of whether the virus had the OC-resistant mutation or not, chickens became infected both through experimental infection, and following exposure to infected mallards. We found similar infection patterns between 51833/wt and 51833/H274Y such that, one chicken inoculated with 51833/wt and three chickens inoculated with 51833/H274Y were AIV positive in oropharyngeal samples more than 2 days consecutively, indicating true infection, and one contact chicken exposed to infected mallards was AIV positive in faecal samples for 3 consecutive days (51833/wt) and another contact chicken for 4 consecutive days (51833/H274Y). Importantly, all positive samples from chickens infected with 51833/H274Y retained the NA-H274Y mutation. However, none of the virus strains established sustained transmission in chickens, likely due to insufficient adaptation to the chicken host. Our results demonstrate that an OC-resistant avian influenza virus can transmit from mallards and replicate in chickens. NA-H274Y does not constitute a barrier to interspecies transmission per se, as the resistant virus did not show reduced replicative capacity compared to the wild-type counterpart. Thus, responsible use of oseltamivir and surveillance for resistance development is warranted to limit the risk of an OC-resistant pandemic strain.

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Full sequence analysis of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes and proteins of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus detected in Iran, 2015

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Characterisation, whole‐genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of three H3N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks at live poultry markets of Iran, 2017: First report

Characterisation, whole‐genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of three H3N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks at live poultry markets of Iran, 2017: First report

Characterization, Whole-Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of Three H3N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated From Domestic Ducks at Live Poultry Markets of Iran, 2017: First Report

An oseltamivir-resistant avian H1N1 influenza A virus can transmit from mallards to chickens similarly to a wild-type strain: implications for the risk of resistance transmission to humans

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