Full-spectrum responsive WO_3−x@HA nanotheranostics for NIR-II photoacoustic imaging-guided PTT/PDT/CDT synergistic therapy

Abstract

A WO3−x-based nanotheranostic has been successfully fabricated for photoacoustic imaging-guided synergistic tumor targeting therapy in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) biological window.

Chemodynamic Therapy via Fenton and Fenton‐Like Nanomaterials: Strategies and Recent Advances

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 343 ] Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry. d) Relative tumor volumes of the tumor‐bearing mice after different treatments.…”

“…W‐based CDT has also attracted the attention of many researchers. [ 18,343,344 ] For example, Liu and co‐workers prepared ultrasmall WO 3− x @γ‐poly‐ l ‐glutamic acid (WO 3− x @γ‐PGA) NPs by a facile hydrothermal reaction. [ 18 ] In this nanoplatform, γ‐PGA was utilized as a ligand to control the morphology and size of the formed NPs.…”

“…also developed a type of WO 3− x ‐based nanomaterial to realize synergistic PTT/CDT/PDT with PAI guidance (Figure 10c). [ 343 ] First, WO 3− x was obtained by forming oxygen vacancies in WO 3 through NaBH 4 reduction. The oxygen vacancies could narrow the band gap and result in the formation of WO 3− x which showed a strong absorption in the full spectrum, enabling the efficient NIR‐II photothermal conversion of WO 3− x for PTT and PAI.…”

Reductant‐Free Synthesis of MnO2 Nanosheet‐Decorated Hybrid Nanoplatform for Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Monitored Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Chemodynamic Therapy and Near‐Infrared‐Mediated Photodynamic Therapy

“…Recently, the CDT/PDT combination therapy has been widely used in tumor therapy due to its excellent synergistic therapeutic effect. [23,24] Generally speaking, PDT consists of three basic components: a photosensitizer, light, and oxygen. [25,26] Photosensitive (PS) agents accept laser energy and convert O 2 into a highly reactive product ( 1 O 2 ) under light irradiation, which rapidly causes cell death via apoptosis or necrosis.…”

Recent Advances on Dual‐Band Electrochromic Materials and Devices

“…The solar light passing through WO 3 can be regulated in amplitude and energy due to the adjustable bandgap by varying the crystalline structure and oxygen stoichiometry. [68][69][70][71][72][73] As shown in Figure 3a, when the oxygen vacancies in WO 3 NPs increased from WO 3 to WO 2.92 , WO 2.83 , WO 2.72, and WO 2 , transmittance in the VIS region decreased along with a blue-shift of the absorption peak. [74] This is in accordance with a later report [63] Copyright 2011, American Chemical Society.…”