Full-vectorial finite-difference analysis of microstructured optical fibers

Zhu, Ziwei; Brown, Thomas G.

doi:10.1364/oe.10.000853

Cited by 399 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…32 From this we obtain a decay length of 1190 nm and an effective wavelength of 224 nm, which is much shorter than the free space wavelength. 36,37 An independent simulation using the fullvectorial finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method 38 ) Ω, which is comparable to impedances of two-wire transmission lines at radio frequencies. 32 The robustness of this method is confirmed by the very weak dependence of Z 0 on the choice of the integration path (∆Z 0 < 6%), which is due to the weak inhomogeneity of the field distribution inside the gap.…”

Section: Properties Of the Nanosize Two-wire Optical Transmission Linementioning

confidence: 99%

Impedance Matching and Emission Properties of Nanoantennas in an Optical Nanocircuit

et al. 2009

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An experimentally realizable prototype nanophotonic circuit consisting of a receiving and an emitting nano antenna connected by a two-wire optical transmission line is studied using finite-difference time-and frequency-domain simulations. To optimize the coupling between nanophotonic circuit elements we apply impedance matching concepts in analogy to radio frequency technology. We show that the degree of impedance matching, and in particular the impedance of the transmitting nano antenna, can be inferred from the experimentally accessible standing wave pattern on the transmission line. We demonstrate the possibility of matching the nano antenna impedance to the transmission line characteristic impedance by variations of the antenna length and width realizable by modern microfabrication techniques. The radiation efficiency of the transmitting antenna also depends on its geometry but is independent of the degree of impedance matching. Our systems approach to nanophotonics provides the basis for realizing general nanophotonic circuits and a large variety of derived novel devices. 3 IntroductionMiniaturization and packaging density of integrated optics based on dielectrics is limited by the wavelength scale modal profiles of guided modes. 1 In contrast, plasmonic modes on noble metal nanostructures offer strong subwavelength confinement and therefore promise the realization of nanometer-scale integrated optical circuitry. 2,3 A truly subwavelength integrated photonic circuit based on plasmonic nano structures will generally consist of (i) a set of optical antennas 4,5,6,7 to efficiently excite specific local modes by far-field radiation, (ii) a very small footprint network of optical transmission lines 8 (OTLs) to distribute and manipulate plasmonic excitations, 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 and (iii) another set of optical antennas to efficiently convert local modes into propagating photons. The properties of metal nanoparticle chains, 17,18 metal nanowires, 19,20 line defects in plasmonic photonic crystals, 21 as well as gaps 22,23,24, and v-shaped grooves 9,25,26 in extended metal films have been explored as subwavelength waveguides for light.Efficient launching of specific guided modes on such structures is difficult since it requires matching of both, the small mode extension and the k-vector. It has been shown recently that efficient coupling between far-field photons and subwavelength spatial domains can be achieved using resonant optical antennas. 5,7,27,28,29,30,31 However, so far optical antennas have mostly been studied as isolated elements. Here we consider optical antennas as integral parts of an experimentally realizable integrated nanophotonic circuit where they act as efficient interfacing elements between propagating photons and guided modes of a plasmonic two-wire transmission line. We show by simulations that the principles of classical transmission line theory, e.g. impedance matching, 32 between the two-wire OTL and dipole antennas are fully applicable at optical frequencies. We further suggest tha...

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Section: Properties Of the Nanosize Two-wire Optical Transmission Linementioning

confidence: 99%

Impedance Matching and Emission Properties of Nanoantennas in an Optical Nanocircuit

et al. 2009

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“…The terms D e x , D e y and D e z are banded matrices that calculate firstorder spatial derivatives of the electric fields across the grid [15][16][17][18]. As a quick example of what these matrices look like, they were computed for a two-dimensional grid composed of only 4×4 cells.…”

Section: Finite-difference Approximation Of Maxwell's Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Implementation of Arbitrarily Shaped Total-Field/Scattered-Field Regions in Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain

Rumpf¹

2012

PIER B

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Abstract-The total-field/scattered-field (TF/SF) formulation is a popular technique for incorporating sources into electromagnetic models like the finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method. It is versatile and simplifies calculation of waves scattered from a device. In the context of FDFD, the TF/SF formulation involves modifying all of the finite-difference equations that contain field terms from both the TF and SF regions in order to make the terms compatible. While simple in concept, modifying all of the equations for arbitrarily shaped TF/SF regions is tedious and no solution has been offered in the literature to do it in a straightforward manner. This paper presents a simple and efficient technique for implementing the TF/SF formulation that allows the TF/SF regions to be any shape and of arbitrary complexity. Its simplicity and versatility are demonstrated by giving several practical examples including a diffraction grating, a waveguide problem, and a scattering problem with a cylindrical wave source.

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“…In the subsequent subsections, dispersion tolerance of various PCFs is presented based on the finite difference method (FDM) (Zhu and Brown 2002) with anisotropic perfectly matched boundary layers (PML). To simulate dispersion characteristics of different PCFs, the FDM with PML boundaries (Saitoh et al 2003) is used in the Cartesian co-ordinates.…”

Section: Simulation For Chromatic Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PMLs are so far the most efficient absorption boundary condition for this purpose (Saitoh et al 2003). The complex refractive index of the fundamental modes can be solved from the Maxwell's equations as a standard eigenvalue problem with the FDM (Zhu and Brown 2002). Using the FDM, both the real and imaginary parts of the complex propagation constant can be obtained with a high accuracy and fast convergence.…”

Section: Simulation For Chromatic Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion Tolerance of Various Photonic Crystal Fibers

Razzak

Namihira

Saber

et al. 2007

International Journal of Optomechatronics

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Chromatic dispersion characteristics of optical fibers with near zero magnitude and slope is very important for such applications as optical transmission systems, dispersion compensation, and nonlinear optics. Theoretically-designed dispersion characteristics require a tolerance of AE2% to ensure reasonable dispersion accuracy during the fabrication process. This article describes dispersion accuracy of various photonic crystal fibers due to changes in dimension of the first ring of air-holes, as it is mostly responsible for the slope characteristics of the dispersion curves. It is demonstrated that for identical design parameters octagonal photonic crystal fibers can assume better dispersion accuracy in comparison to other configurations, such as hexagonal photonic crystal fibers, square photonic crystal fibers, and decagonal photonic crystal fibers in a 1.20 to 1.70 mm wavelength. Dispersion tolerance due to the dimension of the first ring of an optimized octagonal photonic crystal fiber is also investigated. It is found that the optimized octagonal fiber can also assume promising dispersion tolerance to dimension of the first ring with ultra-flattened characteristics in the 1.20 to 1.70 mm wavelength range.

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Full-vectorial finite-difference analysis of microstructured optical fibers

Cited by 399 publications

References 8 publications

Impedance Matching and Emission Properties of Nanoantennas in an Optical Nanocircuit

Impedance Matching and Emission Properties of Nanoantennas in an Optical Nanocircuit

Simple Implementation of Arbitrarily Shaped Total-Field/Scattered-Field Regions in Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain

Dispersion Tolerance of Various Photonic Crystal Fibers

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