Full-wave copolarized nonspecular transmission and reflection scattering matrix elements for rough surfaces

Bahar, E.; Fitzwater, Mary Ann

doi:10.1364/josaa.5.001873

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…When the small-height expansion is done consistently, the full-wave prediction is found not to reduce to first-order perturbation theory." Noting that Rice's first-order small-perturbation solution does not include the diffraction term, it is shown that when the diffraction term is not added to the full-wave solution [Bahar, 1988a;Bahar and Fitzwater, 1988], it is in complete agreement with the small perturbation to first order of smallness. Thus, the formal-averaging procedure prescribed by the author to obtain the full-wave expressions for the incoherent scattering cross sections are indeed proper; and the reduction of the full-wave solution to the first-order perturbation solution is analytically consistent and not fortuitous as Thorsos and Winebrenner [this issue] state in their paper.…”

Section: In Their Paper Thorsos and Winebrenner [This Issue]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two steps also properly account for the total scattered fields (including the diffraction term). Rice's [1951] solution and the full-wave diffusely scattered fields do not indude the diffraction term [Bahar, 1988a;Bahar and Fitzwater, 1988]. This diffraction term is related to the plane wave specularly reflected from the infinite plane that Rice extracts from his solution.…”

Section: ] and Bahar [1973b] We Indicate How The Objectionable Termmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examination of full‐wave solutions and “exact numerical results” for one‐dimensional slightly rough surfaces

Bahar¹

1991

J. Geophys. Res.

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In this paper, the principal elements of the full‐wave solution and its direct analytical links to the physical‐optics and small‐perturbation solutions are reviewed succinctly. Thus a two‐step analytical procedure that transforms Rice's “first‐order” small‐perturbation solution into the physical‐optics solution is prescribed. Questions of convergence raised by Rice himself are also addressed since the small‐perturbation solution (when applied to random rough surfaces) diverges as the slope parameter becomes smaller and smaller. Furthermore, it is shown that the “exact numerical results” based on the moments method do not include the diffraction term, while the corresponding full‐wave results, used for comparison do include the diffraction term. No true comparisons can be made between the full‐wave solution and the small‐perturbation solution unless the excitations assumed in both cases are the same and unless the diffraction term is not added to the full‐wave solution for the diffusely scattered field.

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Section: In Their Paper Thorsos and Winebrenner [This Issue]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ] and Bahar [1973b] We Indicate How The Objectionable Termmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of full‐wave solutions and “exact numerical results” for one‐dimensional slightly rough surfaces

Bahar¹

1991

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The 2x2 scattering matrix S• is given by [Bahar, 1974;Bahar and Rajah, 1979;Bahar, 1981a the guided waveguide modes of the unbounded, irregular multilayered structure. On integrating (2) by parts [Bahar and Rajan, 1979;Bahar, 1981aBahar, , 1988Bahar and Fitzwater, 1988], it can be expressed as follows (…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Upon inverting the dyadic operator, evaluating the residue at k 0 and integrating by parts, Collifts results are also shown to be in complete agreement with the full wave results for the perfectly conducting case The second term G• in (14) can be integrated with respect to x, and z,. For L-->oo and 1-->oo, the integrations yield the Dirac delta functions õ(v' x )õ(v',) [Bahar, 1988;Bahar and Fitzwater, 1988]. Thus this term G• reduces to the specularly reflected plane wave.…”

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Full wave solutions for rough‐surface bistatic radar cross sections: Comparison with small perturbation, physical optics, numerical, and experimental results

Bahar¹,

Lee²

1994

Radio Science

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In this paper, full wave solutions are derived for the like‐ and cross‐polarized electromagnetic fields diffusely scattered by two‐dimensional rough surfaces. These expressions for the diffuse scattered fields are used to obtain the random rough‐surface cross sections. The rough surface is characterized by a Gaussian joint probability density function for the surface heights and slopes at two points. These full wave results are compared with the associated small‐perturbation results and physical optics results. They are also compared with experimental and numerical results (based on Monte Carlo simulations). The earlier assumption that the surface height and slopes can be considered to be uncorrelated is examined. The impact of using the large‐radii curvature assumption and including self‐shadow is also considered.

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“…In this work, full wave solutions are derived for the single scattered waves that are transmitted across a two-dimensionally rough interface. It is an extension to the twodimensional scattering problem in which the normal to the rough surface was restricted to the reference plane of incidence [Bahar and Fitzwater, 1988]. Thus in this work it is necessary to solve the vector-scattering problem in which the vertically and horizontally Copyright 1995 by the American Geophysical Union.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic scattering and depolarization across rough surfaces: Full wave analysis

Bahar¹,

Huang²,

Lee³

1995

Radio Science

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Full wave solutions are derived for vertically and horizontally polarized waves diffusely scattered across an interface that is two‐dimensionally rough separating two different propagating media. Since the normal to the rough surface is not restricted to the reference plane of incidence, the waves are depolarized upon scattering; and the single scattered radiation fields are expressed as integrals of a surface element transmission scattering matrix that also accounts for coupling between the vertically and horizontally polarized waves. The integrations are over the rough surface area as well as the complete two‐dimensional wave spectra of the radiation fields. The full wave solutions satisfy the duality and reciprocity relationships in electromagnetic theory, and the surface element scattering matrix is invariant to coordinate transformations. It is shown that in the high‐frequency limit the full wave solutions reduce to the physical optics solutions, while in the low‐frequency limit (for small mean square heights and slopes) the full wave solutions reduce to Rice's (1951) small perturbation solutions. Thus, the full wave solution accounts for specular point scattering as well as diffuse, Bragg‐type scattering in a unified, self‐consistent manner. It is therefore not necessary to use hybrid, perturbation and physical optics approaches (based on two‐scale models of composite surfaces with large and small roughness scales) to determine the like‐ and cross‐polarized fields scattered across the rough surface.

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Full-wave copolarized nonspecular transmission and reflection scattering matrix elements for rough surfaces

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Examination of full‐wave solutions and “exact numerical results” for one‐dimensional slightly rough surfaces

Examination of full‐wave solutions and “exact numerical results” for one‐dimensional slightly rough surfaces

Full wave solutions for rough‐surface bistatic radar cross sections: Comparison with small perturbation, physical optics, numerical, and experimental results

Electromagnetic scattering and depolarization across rough surfaces: Full wave analysis

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