Fullerene formation in the tracks of energetic ions

Optical and electrical properties of some electron and proton irradiated polymers

“…polytetra¯uoroethylene (PTFE), PS and PE targets, the yield of C n 1`n`30 is very low, but it is relatively high for PVDF and PVDC [4,5]. The detection of C 60 and C 70 fullerenes in the bulk of carbon containing materials after a high dose irradiation with very fast heavy ions (i.e., for very high deposited energy densities) has also been reported [6]. The formation of fullerenes is a remarkable example of the fast chemistry occurring in the wake of a fast ion.…”

Chemical damage in poly(phenylene sulphide) from fast ions: Dependence on the primary-ion stopping power

“…This has been partially triggered by ion track technology ͑e.g., micropores 24 and track grafting 25 ͒ and the exciting possibility of synthesis of new complex molecules ͑e.g., fullerenes 26,27 ͒ in a single ion track. Also, the use of heavy ions in the GeV range has demonstrated the possibility of nonconventional pathways in chemical modification of polymers.…”

Swift heavy ion induced modifications of single walled carbon nanotube thin films

“…Due to their radiation stability, CNTs can also be used as radiation shields in nuclear reactors [6]. Irradiation causes defects on the surface of CNTs which give rise to various types of structural modifications such as welding and bending [7,8], formation of nanocompartments [9], transformation of single walled nanotubes to multi-walled carbon nanotubes [10], reordering, healing of the system [10][11][12][13][14].…”