Fullerene hydrides: synthesis, properties, and structure

Abstract

The results of studies on the methods of synthesis of exohedral fullerene hydrides, including the reduction of fullerenes by hydrocarbons, the catalytic hydrogenation of fullerenes, etc., are surveyed. Much attention is devoted to the state of hydrogen in solid fullerene hydrides, the structure of fullerene hydrides, and their reactivity. The bibliography includes 148 references.

Catalysts for C–H functionalization: Platinum, gold and even nanodiamonds

“…Fullerenes including [60]fullerene are strained alkenes with high degree of electrophilicity, which in combination with 60 propensity to various types of coordination, possibility of changing coordination depending on metal oxidation state, ability to accept electrons and/or hydrogen atoms in the reactions with donors [150] allowed one to expect the participation of fullerene ligand in multiple hydrogen transfer in one act of -activation by metal complex. Fullerides of platinum metals, 60 (M = Pt, Pd [151,152]) were studied as components of systems activating -bonds (Fig.…”

Fulleranes

“…Hydrogenation of fullerite C 60 is normally realized at T = 450-850 K and P = 1 MPa -2 GPa in presence of catalyzers (Goldshleger and Moravskii 1997;Tarasov et al 2001). Under these conditions kinetic limitations become less important and the significance of thermodynamic control increases.…”

“…It was found that in the synthesis the mixtures of the hydrides with n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 18, 21-24 are formed (Goldshleger and Moravskii 1997). Perhydrofullerane C 60 H 60 has not been experimentally obtained.…”

“…Shortly after realization of preparative syntheses of fullerenes their high chemical activity was proved and fullerene hydrides were obtained (Goldshleger and Moravskii 1997). The methods of synthesis of fullerene hydrides have been intensively developing because these hydrides are considered to be the base compounds for the development of fullerene chemistry, possess a potential for the use as hydrogen accumulators.…”

“…Thermodynamic analysis of dehydrogenating ability of fullerenes towards hydrocarbons is of special interest. Fullerenes may act as Pt and Pd substituting catalyzers in the technical processes of dehydrogenation, cracking, reforming (Goldshleger and Moravskii 1997). Fullerene hydrides may be intermediates in chemical transformations of carbon and hydrogen in the interstellar space and thermodynamic analysis is an important tool for determination of pathways of this evolution.…”