Fullerene Quantum Gyroscope

Krause, Matthias; Hulman, Martin; Kuzmany, H.; Dubay, O.; Kresse, Georg; Vietze, K.; Seifert, Gotthard; Wang, C.; Shinohara, Hisanori

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.93.137403

Cited by 83 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Additionally, the butterfly mode has an observable temperature dependence compared to the C 92 cage modes which remain roughly unchanged. Other groups have seen evidence for the formation of a M 2 C 2 −cage interaction 23,24 , which reduces the cage symmetry, and have observed mode narrowing, indicated by an increase in intensity and a decrease in linewidth (FWHM).…”

Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrational spectrum of the endohedralY2C2@C
Burke
¹
,
Chan
²
,
Williams
³

et al. 2011
Phys. Rev. B
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The structure and vibrational spectrum of the novel endohedral fullerene Y2C2@C92 was studied by Raman spectroscopy, with particular emphasis on the rotational transitions of the diatomic C2 unit in the low energy Raman spectrum. We report evidence for tunneling of this unit through the C2 rotation plane and observe anomalous narrowing in a hindered rotational mode. We also report complementary density functional theory (DFT) calculations that support our conclusions and discuss potential applications to quantum computing and nonvolatile memory devices.

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Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrational spectrum of the endohedralY2C2@C
Burke
¹
,
Chan
²
,
Williams
³

et al. 2011
Phys. Rev. B
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“…Another option is concerned with ultra cold molecules, typically carbon-based molecules with a quantized rotational motion [18,19]. Promising molecules are polar diatomic molecules trapped in an optical lattice or a solid matrix [20,21]. The three directions cited above are three possible options for implementing a rotor operating in the quantum regime.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encoding many qubits in a rotor

Raynal

Kalev

Suzuki

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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We propose a scheme for encoding many qubits in a single rotor, that is, a continuous and periodic degree of freedom. A key feature of this scheme is its ability to manipulate and entangle the encoded qubits with a single operation on the system. We also show, using quantum errorcorrecting codes, how to protect the qubits against small errors in angular position and momentum which may affect the rotor. We then discuss the feasibility of this scheme and suggest several candidates for its implementation. The proposed scheme is immediately generalizable to qudits of any finite dimension.

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“…[1][2][3] Much work has been carried out on metallofullerenes with Sc, Y, and La atoms encapsulated inside C 82 and C 84 cages. Among these, scandium carbide endohedral metallofullerenes, such as Sc 2 C 2 @ C 84 [4,5] and Sc 3 C 2 @C 80 , [6,7] are the most interesting because of the encapsulation of the C 2 unit together with several metal atoms, which is very important to the chemistry of scandium carbide endohedral metallofullerenes. For the Sc 2 C 84 metallofullerene, three isomers (I, II, and III) have been isolated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Scandium Carbide Endohedral Metallofullerene Sc₂C₂@C₈₂ and Its Carbene Derivative

et al. 2007

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Endohedral metallofullerenes have attracted special attention as new spherical molecules with unique properties that are unexpected for empty fullerenes. [1][2][3] Much work has been carried out on metallofullerenes with Sc, Y, and La atoms encapsulated inside C 82 and C 84 cages. Among these, scandium carbide endohedral metallofullerenes, such as Sc 2 C 2 @ C 84 [4,5] and Sc 3 C 2 @C 80 , [6,7] are the most interesting because of the encapsulation of the C 2 unit together with several metal atoms, which is very important to the chemistry of scandium carbide endohedral metallofullerenes. For the Sc 2 C 84 metallofullerene, three isomers (I, II, and III) have been isolated. [8,9] The most abundant isomer, Sc 2 C 84 (III), was characterized and discussed in terms of its X-ray photoelectron, [10] 13 C NMR, [9] 45 Sc NMR, [11] IR, [12] and Raman [13] spectroscopic measurements, powder X-ray analysis, [14] and theoretical calculations [15] on the premise that two Sc atoms were encapsulated inside the D 2d isomer of C 84 . However, we have very recently observed an improved 13 C NMR spectrum of Sc 2 C 84 (III) that shows a total of 17 lines (11 full-intensity signals, five half-intensity signals, and one 1/6-intensity signal), [16] unlike the previous 13 C NMR study.[9] The newly observed 13 C NMR pattern is not explained by placing two Sc atoms inside any of the isomers of C 84 that satisfy the isolated-pentagon rule. We have suggested that the 13 C NMR pattern is explained by the fact that two C atoms as well as two Sc atoms are encapsulated inside the C 3v isomer of C 82 . Very recently, it has been found that the Sc 2 C 2 @C 82 structure is correct by MEM (maximum-entropy method)/Rietveld analysis of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, though the Sc 2 @C 84 structure was once determined by MEM/Rietveld analysis. [17] To verify that Sc 2 C 84 (III) is a scandium carbide metallofullerene (Sc 2 C 2 @C 82 (III)), X-ray single-crystal analysis and density functional calculations were carried out. The structure of Sc 2 C 2 @C 82 (III), optimized by density functional calculations, is shown in Figure 1.[18] The electronic structure is described as (Sc 2 C 2 ) 4+ C 82 4À as a result of four-electron transfer from Sc 2 C 2 to C 82 . The structure is most stable when the encapsulated Sc 2 C 2 moiety has a bent structure and two Sc atoms are not equivalent. This result seems contradictory to the 13 C NMR spectrum (16 signals), which shows that Sc 2 C 2 @C 82 (III) has C 3v symmetry, and the 45 Sc NMR spectrum (only one signal), which shows that the two Sc atoms are equivalent. This situation is explained by the fact that the Sc and C atoms in Sc 2 C 2 are allowed to rotate and move rapidly on the NMR time scale. The redox potentials of Sc 2 C 2 @C 82 (III), measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and

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Fullerene Quantum Gyroscope

Cited by 83 publications

References 15 publications

Vibrational spectrum of the endohedralY2C2@C
Burke
¹
,
Chan
²
,
Williams
³

et al. 2011
Phys. Rev. B
17
2
16
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vibrational spectrum of the endohedralY2C2@C
Burke
¹
,
Chan
²
,
Williams
³

et al. 2011
Phys. Rev. B
17
2
16
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Encoding many qubits in a rotor

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Scandium Carbide Endohedral Metallofullerene Sc₂C₂@C₈₂ and Its Carbene Derivative

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Fullerene Quantum Gyroscope

Cited by 83 publications

References 15 publications

Vibrational spectrum of the endohedralY2C2@CBurke1, Chan2, Williams3 et al. 2011Phys. Rev. B172160View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Vibrational spectrum of the endohedralY2C2@CBurke1, Chan2, Williams3 et al. 2011Phys. Rev. B172160View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Encoding many qubits in a rotor

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Scandium Carbide Endohedral Metallofullerene Sc2C2@C82 and Its Carbene Derivative

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Vibrational spectrum of the endohedralY2C2@C
Burke
¹
,
Chan
²
,
Williams
³

et al. 2011
Phys. Rev. B
17
2
16
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vibrational spectrum of the endohedralY2C2@C
Burke
¹
,
Chan
²
,
Williams
³

et al. 2011
Phys. Rev. B
17
2
16
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Scandium Carbide Endohedral Metallofullerene Sc₂C₂@C₈₂ and Its Carbene Derivative