Fullerene soot and a fullerene nanodispersion as recyclable heterogeneous off-the-shelf photocatalysts

Abstract

Fullerene soot, a purely carbon-based material, is an effective photocatalyst for oxidation in ethanol in batch and flow regimes.

Photochemical Carbocatalysis: Fullerene‐, Carbon Nanotube‐ or Graphene‐Based Metal‐Free Photocatalysts for Organic Transformations

“…Currently, FS is the only employed CAN derivative towards this end. [67] whereas the utilization of graphene or CNTs remains unexplored.…”

“…According to the mechanistic Recently, fullerene soot (FS), an inexpensive pristine material used for C 60 and C 70 production, was applied as the photocatalyst for several oxidative transformations. [67] In particular, the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides (Scheme 6d) was studied extensively and the catalytic activity of FS was found comparable to that of C 60 . Pretreatment of FS with toluene provided higher yields of the products, due to the extraction of fullerene species from the crude mixture of carbon black.…”

“…It has been already discussed that the low solubility of fullerenes has been exploited for their recovery. [49,67] However, the immobilization of fullerenes onto solid materials, which can play the role of carriers for the C 60 derivatives and probably enhance the catalytic activity of the hybrid system due to their synergy, seems as a more effective method towards this end. In this context, pristine fullerenes C 60 and C 70 were supported on the mesoporous silica FSM-16 (pore size 2.7 nm) under vacuum.…”

“…In the field of photochemistry, the catalytic ability of pristine CNTs has been investigated mainly as control experiments, as it has been reported in few studies. [67,97] In photocatalysis, CNTs have been mainly applied as platforms for carrying photoactive units. Such moieties can be mounted onto CNTs non-covalently.…”

Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Catalytic Wastewater Treatment: A Review

“…Of the different forms of fullerenes, such as C60, C70, C76, C82, and C84, only C60 and C70 have been intensively studied. The band gap energy (Eg) of fullerene’s material is around 1.5 to 1.9 eV between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) [ 30 , 31 ].…”