Fully bio-based epoxy resin derived from vanillin with flame retardancy and degradability

Nabipour, Hafezeh; Niu, Haoxin; Wang, Xin; Batool, Sadia; Hu, Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105034

Cited by 63 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“… ( a) Synthesizing pathway of biobased epoxy monomer and its thermosets; (b) images depicting the results of the UL‐94 vertical burning experiment of (i) DGEBA/DDM and (ii) VTA‐EP/DFA; (c) peak heat release rate (PHRR) against time plots from cone calorimeter experiment for the novel VTA‐EP/DFA and DGEBA/DDM epoxy thermosets; d) deterioration rate of novel VTA‐EP/DFA vitrimer in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 solution with various solvents such as THF, DMF, methanol, acetone, water (H 2 O/solvent [v/v] = 2: 8) and its digital images 104 [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Recyclable Concept Through Dynamic Chemical Bondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very recently, Nabipour et al prepared a degradable and flame retardant green thermoset from fully bioresources vanillin-based epoxy monomer (VTA-EP) and 5 0 -methylenedifurfurylamin (DFA) as a curing agent, which is illustrated in Figure 15a. 104 The VTA-EP/DFA thermosetting material has a greater thermal property (i.e., T g ~170 C) than the reference DGEBA/DDM thermosetting materials due to the unsaturated bonds and aromatic structure. Moreover, mechanical properties like tensile strength (60 MPa), storage modulus (3271 MPa), and elongation at break (2.8%) were all greater.…”

Section: Recyclable and Flame Retardant Thermosets Based On Imine Bondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on intrinsically recyclable flame retardant thermosets enabled through covalent bonds

Rashid

Liu

Wei

2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Developing thermosets with inherent recyclability and flame retardancy is a great importance from the views of fire safety, resource conservation and environmental protection. Owing to their superior mechanical properties, versatility, outstanding adhesion‐ability, durability, thermal, and solvent stability comparable to conventional thermosets while demonstrating end‐of‐life reuse, recyclable thermosetting materials have gained much interest as an attractive class of sustainable thermosets. The chemical structure of thermosets includes dynamic covalent networks that provide durability and reprocessability. However, these recyclable thermosets possess significant flammability, limiting their application in automobiles, railways, aircraft, buildings, and electronic items. Thus, it is urgent to include them with flame retardants. The goal of this review paper is to give a broad understanding of the study by highlighting and discussing recent advances as well as future prospects for inherently recyclable flame retardant thermosets (RFRs). Moreover, synthesis methods have been highlighted to improve the design of internally recyclable fire retardant thermosets. A distinct emphasis will be given on the inherent RFRs in terms of flame retardancy, recycling property, physical properties, and thermal stability. Finally, we will explore the importance and threats that intrinsically recyclable flame retardant thermosets face in the future.

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Section: Recyclable Concept Through Dynamic Chemical Bondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recyclable and Flame Retardant Thermosets Based On Imine Bondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on intrinsically recyclable flame retardant thermosets enabled through covalent bonds

Rashid

Liu

Wei

2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Studies have shown that the introduction of a rigid structure into the epoxy monomer and the use of high-temperature curing agents can enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of the epoxy matrix. 42 For example, Hu et al 21 synthesized a vanillin-derived Schiff base epoxy monomer (VTA-EP) and used bio-based 5,5′-methylenedifurfurylamine (DFA) as a curing agent. Owing to the rigid Schiff base and aromatic structure, the cured VTA-EP/DFA has a high T g of 170 °C, tensile strength of 60.8 MPa, and a storage modulus of 3271 MPa.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based Tetrafunctional Epoxy Monomer Containing a Dicyclo Diacetal Structure and Its Medium-Temperature-Cured Epoxy Vitrimer System with Excellent Mechanical and Multifunctional Properties

Zhang

Yuan

Liang

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A bio-based tetrafunctional epoxy monomer containing a dicyclo diacetal linkage was successfully synthesized via acetalization of protocatechualdehyde (PCA) with erythritol, followed by a reaction with bioderived epichlorohydrin. The epoxy monomer exhibits good reactivity with glutaric anhydride in the presence of a zinc(II) acetylacetonate (ZAA) catalyst and can be cured using a medium-temperature procedure. The prepared epoxy vitrimer (DGZ) systems exhibit excellent mechanical and thermal properties resulting from the rigid dicyclo diacetal and aromatic structures and the high conversion of epoxy groups (αepoxy group). When the ZAA content is 2.5%, DGZ has optimal integrated mechanical properties, and its impact strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength can reach 20 kJ/m2, 60 MPa, and 119 MPa, respectively, which can be compared with those of the commercial bisphenol A epoxy resin cured with a high-temperature procedure. DGZ systems have a good glass-transition temperature (T g) of 111–117 °C. The broad glass transition endows DGZ with a good shape memory effect. The introduction of dynamic ester bonds in DGZ brings good self-healing ability, welding ability, and rapid stress relaxation. The self-healing efficiency of the scratches on the surface of DGZ can reach ∼100% at 200 °C. Owing to the existence of dicyclo diacetal linkages, DGZ can be completely degraded in 0.1 and 1 M HCl solutions at 25–80 °C. DGZ also has good dielectric properties due to the rigid dicyclo diacetal and aromatic structures, as well as a high αepoxy group.

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“…Bio-based tannic acid epoxy produced by modification of tannic acid was described by Borah et al [ 23 ]. Likewise, vanillin-based epoxy oligomers are an important group of materials for the synthesis of biological thermosetting epoxy resins [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Dai et al describe the use of genistein, which contains an isoflavone structure, as the basis for the production of a sustainable epoxy resin [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Application of Eugenol in the Production of Epoxy and Thermosetting Resin Composites: A Review

Matykiewicz

Skórczewska

2022

Materials

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The review article presents an analysis of the properties of epoxy and thermosetting resin composites containing eugenol derivatives. Moreover, eugenol properties were characterized using thermogravimeters (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The aim of this work was to determine the possibility of using eugenol derivatives in polymer composites based on thermoset resins, which can be used as eco-friendly high-performance materials. Eugenol has been successfully used in the production of epoxy composites as a component of coupling agents, epoxy monomers, flame retardants, curing agents, and modifiers. In addition, it reduced the negative impact of thermoset composites on the environment and, in some cases, enabled their biodegradation. Eugenol-based silane coupling agent improved the properties of natural filler epoxy composites. Moreover, eugenol flame retardant had a positive effect on the fire resistance of the epoxy resin. In turn, eugenol glycidyl ether (GE) was used as a diluent of epoxy ester resins during the vacuum infusion process of epoxy composites with the glass fiber. Eugenol-based epoxy resin was used to make composites with carbon fiber with enhanced thermomechanical properties. Likewise, resins such as bismaleimide resin, phthalonitrile resin, and palm oil-based resin have been used for the production of composites with eugenol derivatives.

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Fully bio-based epoxy resin derived from vanillin with flame retardancy and degradability

Cited by 63 publications

References 32 publications

Review on intrinsically recyclable flame retardant thermosets enabled through covalent bonds

Review on intrinsically recyclable flame retardant thermosets enabled through covalent bonds

Bio-based Tetrafunctional Epoxy Monomer Containing a Dicyclo Diacetal Structure and Its Medium-Temperature-Cured Epoxy Vitrimer System with Excellent Mechanical and Multifunctional Properties

Characteristics and Application of Eugenol in the Production of Epoxy and Thermosetting Resin Composites: A Review

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