Fully edible biofuel cells

Jeerapan, Itthipon; Ciui, Bianca; Martin, Ian; Cristea, Cécilia; Săndulescu, Robert; Wang, Joseph

doi:10.1039/c8tb00497h

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Even better than the wearable and biodegradable cells, is the edible biofuel cell, described for the first time by J. Wang and coworkers [ 153 ]. The authors fabricated an alcohol sensor with only food materials, without any kind of external chemicals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensors Made of Natural Renewable Materials: Efficiency, Recyclability or Biodegradability—The Green Electronics

Piro

Tran

Thu

2020

Sensors

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Nowadays, sensor devices are developing fast. It is therefore critical, at a time when the availability and recyclability of materials are, along with acceptability from the consumers, among the most important criteria used by industrials before pushing a device to market, to review the most recent advances related to functional electronic materials, substrates or packaging materials with natural origins and/or presenting good recyclability. This review proposes, in the first section, passive materials used as substrates, supporting matrixes or packaging, whether organic or inorganic, then active materials such as conductors or semiconductors. The last section is dedicated to the review of pertinent sensors and devices integrated in sensors, along with their fabrication methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors Made of Natural Renewable Materials: Efficiency, Recyclability or Biodegradability—The Green Electronics

Piro

Tran

Thu

2020

Sensors

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“…Batteries include metal‐based, conductive polymer‐based, and biofuel‐based batteries. [ 111 ] The lithium‐ion battery is a typical metal‐based battery that is widely used, however, the toxic lithium and electrolytes are harmful to the human body if they leak. Recently, an edible sodium‐ion cell was developed.…”

Section: Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible and Nutritive Electronics: Materials, Fabrications, Components, and Applications

Shan

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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In comparison with the implantable electronics, ingestible electronics are less invasive but can travel close to major organs through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, monitor a wide range of biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and serve as effective clinical tools for diagnostics and therapy. [4d,5] Today, GI conditions have become one of the most prevalent health concerns in modern society. The market was expected to nearly reach the one-billion-dollar mark. [4e] Through analyzing the conditions of the GI tract [4d] (Figure 1), many diseases can be monitored and diagnosed, e.g., refluxing gastric fluid, cancer, motility disorders, infected and abnormally dilated venous vessels, gastritis, gastric ulcers, coeliac disease, lactose intolerance, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticular disease, constipation, clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, etc. [5,6] Conventional ingestible electronics mostly consist of inorganic materials and encapsulated with rigid nondegradable polymer, such as polydimethylsiloxane, parylene/epoxy, [4a] which will lead longer devices retention in the GI tract. This is one of the most significant risk elements during the application of conventional ingestible electronics. Fully food-based edible and nutritive electronics have emerged to address these potential risks. Edible electronics are new generation ingestible electronics. Recently, there is no accurate and clear definition of edible electronics. [4g,7] The definition of "transient electronics," [3h] which focused on implantable electronics, was similar to the edible electronics concept and defined as: made of biodegradable materials and can completely or partially dissolve, resorb, or physically disappear after functioning in environmental or physiological conditions at controlled rates. By follow this spirit, the definition of edible electronics is provided here: a class of microencapsulated electronic devices that consist of edible and nutritive inorganics and organics materials, meanwhile, that can be mainly dissolved, digested and absorbed after fulfilling the diagnosis or therapy of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract. The edible and nutritive inorganics always include edible inert metals, trace elements [8] and their oxides. Nutritive organics always include biopigments, and polymers. [7,9] A more systemic and expanded materials toolbox will be very helpful to advance The emerging novel edible and nutritive electronics indicate an important advance in ingestible and implantable electronics, covering multiple disciplines such as biomedicine, electronics, and nutriology. This review focuses on the feasibility and critical technical problems of fabricating fully edible and nutritive electronics. Recently, a limited number of fully edible and nutritive electronics, operating single functions, have been applied to monitor the condition of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and diagnose its disorders. However, fully edible, nutritive, miniaturized, and well-functioning electronics with mu...

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“…Possible solutions are utilizing nanomaterials or employing highly biocompatible natural catalysts. For instance, capable mediatorless ethanol BFCs can be developed by applying natural electrocatalysts available in mushroom/plant extracts to catalyze reactions for ethanol BFCs [81]. This 'green' approach relies on the natural biocatalysts and edible charcoal material, representing an alternative for carbon-based BFCs.…”

Section: Electron Transfer Between Carbon Materials and Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities of Carbon Nanomaterials for Biofuel Cells and Supercapacitors: Personalized Energy for Futuristic Self-Sustainable Devices

Jeerapan

2019

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Various carbon allotropes are fundamental components in electrochemical energy-conversion and energy-storage devices, e.g., biofuel cells (BFCs) and supercapacitors. Recently, biodevices, particularly wearable and implantable devices, are of distinct interest in biomedical, fitness, academic, and industrial fields due to their new fascinating capabilities for personalized applications. However, all biodevices require a sustainable source of energy, bringing widespread attention to energy research. In this review, we detail the progress in BFCs and supercapacitors attributed to carbon materials. Self-powered biosensors for futuristic biomedical applications are also featured. To develop these energy devices, many challenges needed to be addressed. For this reason, there is a need to: optimize the electron transfer between the enzymatic site and electrode; enhance the power efficiency of the device in fluctuating oxygen conditions; strengthen the efficacy of enzymatic reactions at the carbon-based electrodes; increase the electrochemically accessible surface area of the porous electrode materials; and refine the flexibility of traditional devices by introducing a mechanical resiliency of electrochemical devices to withstand daily multiplexed movements. This article will also feature carbon nanomaterial research alongside opportunities to enhance energy technology and address the challenges facing the field of personalized applications. Carbon-based energy devices have proved to be sustainable and compatible energy alternatives for biodevices within the human body, serving as attractive options for further developing diverse domains, including individual biomedical applications.

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Fully edible biofuel cells

Abstract: This article describes the first example of edible energy harvesting biofuel cells, based solely on highly biocompatible and ingestible food materials.

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Sensors Made of Natural Renewable Materials: Efficiency, Recyclability or Biodegradability—The Green Electronics

Sensors Made of Natural Renewable Materials: Efficiency, Recyclability or Biodegradability—The Green Electronics

Edible and Nutritive Electronics: Materials, Fabrications, Components, and Applications

Challenges and Opportunities of Carbon Nanomaterials for Biofuel Cells and Supercapacitors: Personalized Energy for Futuristic Self-Sustainable Devices

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