Fully integrated 3D-printed electrochemical cell with a modified inkjet-printed Ag electrode for voltammetric nitrate analysis

Sibug-Torres, Sarah May; Go, Lance P.; Castillo, Virgil Christian G.; Pauco, Jiena Lynne R.; Enriquez, Erwin P.

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2021.338430

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This important step allows for increased reproducibility in the production of AMEs and exhibits how full sensing platforms can be produced in a single print using independent dual-extruder printers [ 20 ]. There are many other AM electrochemical platforms reported in the literature utilizing multiple prints or post-print assembly [ 11 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], with little explanation given to the cell design or the AMEs themselves. Only recently have the printing or physical parameters of the AME begun to be explored, with work showing that thinner layer thickness [ 27 ], vertical printing orientation [ 27 , 28 ], increased printing temperature [ 29 ], and most recently, the age of the filament/print [ 30 ] can produce increased conductivity in printed parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjusting the Connection Length of Additively Manufactured Electrodes Changes the Electrochemical and Electroanalytical Performance

Crapnell

Ferrari

Whittingham

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Changing the connection length of an additively manufactured electrode (AME) has a significant impact on the electrochemical and electroanalytical response of the system. In the literature, many electrochemical platforms have been produced using additive manufacturing with great variations in how the AME itself is described. It is seen that when measuring the near-ideal outer-sphere redox probe hexaamineruthenium (III) chloride (RuHex), decreasing the AME connection length enhances the heterogeneous electrochemical transfer (HET) rate constant (k0) for the system. At slow scan rates, there is a clear change in the peak-to-peak separation (ΔEp) observed in the RuHex voltammograms, with the ΔEp shifting from 118 ± 5 mV to 291 ± 27 mV for the 10 and 100 mm electrodes, respectively. For the electroanalytical determination of dopamine, no significant difference is noticed at low concentrations between 10- and 100-mm connection length AMEs. However, at concentrations of 1 mM dopamine, the peak oxidation is shifted to significantly higher potentials as the AME connection length is increased, with a shift of 150 mV measured. It is recommended that in future work, all AME dimensions, not just the working electrode head size, is reported along with the resistance measured through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to allow for appropriate comparisons with other reports in the literature. To produce the best additively manufactured electrochemical systems in the future, researchers should endeavor to use the shortest AME connection lengths that are viable for their designs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjusting the Connection Length of Additively Manufactured Electrodes Changes the Electrochemical and Electroanalytical Performance

Crapnell

Ferrari

Whittingham

et al. 2022

Sensors

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show abstract

“…65 For example, a Ag-based voltammetric sensor with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.40 ppm and sensitivity of 0.2086 A ppm −1 was successfully applied to detect nitrate. 66 However, these voltammetric sensors only show reasonable selectivity in aqueous environments (e.g., brackish water). When voltammetric sensors are applied in soil fields, they often exhibit poor repeatability due to impacts of soil chemical properties such as soil salinity and soil organic carbon.…”

Section: Fertilizer Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

At-Field and On-Demand Nitrogenous Fertilizer Synthesis

Butler

Fan

Grewal

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Small-scale fertilizer synthesis enabled by atmospheric-pressure processes such as plasma and electrochemical technologies may be promising to mitigate the environmental and social costs associated with the energy-and carbon-intensive Haber−Bosch (HB) process. Modular nitrogen fixation systems that utilize sustainable inputs have been developed, but gaps remain regarding how these devices may integrate into agricultural practices. In this perspective, we propose a combination of nonthermal plasma−electrolytic nitrogen fixation with electrochemical soil sensors to produce fertilizer-enriched irrigation water on demand. First, we discuss the plasma technologies that could be used in an at-field responsive plasma-activated (ARPA) process. Based on current bench-scale systems, we found that ARPA synthesis could provide sufficient amounts of fixed nitrogen to meet crop demand. Next, we describe electrochemical sensor technologies for monitoring soil nitrogen and consider the barriers to implementing these technologies in fields. Further, we conducted an abbreviated life cycle analysis of the proposed ARPA concept and found potential environmental impact reductions by avoiding HB fertilizer synthesis, storage, and transportation and by reducing reactive nitrogen losses typically associated with largescale overfertilization. Finally, we consider the environmental, social, and economic implications of ARPA technologies for water treatment, fertilizer market impacts, fertilizer accessibility, safety, stakeholder buy-in, and agricultural management.

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“…The resolution is much higher than the FFF 3D-printed devices, however, longer time of fabrication, the need for post-treatment and curation, and the use of toxic resins are some drawbacks that make SLA less popular than FFF. Nevertheless, one of the first works on the Bismuth film electrodeposition 3D-printed wearable device containing the electrochemical device was fixed at the body using an elastic tape for zinc determination in sweat Dias et al (2019) Images reproduced with permission from American Chemical Society (Snowden et al, 2010;Richter et al, 2019;Sempionatto et al, 2017;Katseli et al, 2021;Dias et al, 2019), Italian Association of Chemical Engineering (Ponce de Leon et al, 2014), Elsevier (Dias et al, 2016;Cardoso et al, 2018;Mendonça et al, 2019;Cardoso et al, 2019;Silva et al, 2020;Escobar et al, 2020;Sibug-Torres et al, 2021;Cardoso et al, 2020c;Ferreira et al, 2021;O'Neil et al, 2019;Baltima et al, 2021); Brazilian Chemical Society (Cardoso et al, 2020a), Royal Society of Chemistry (Elbardisy et al, 2020) and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Vlachou et al, 2020).…”

Section: Examples Of 3d Printer Applications In Electrochemical Devices 3d Printed Electrochemical Cells For Sensing and Other Applicatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The working electrode was an ink-jet printed Ag on a flexible substrate, electrochemically treated before nitrate determination. The complete assembled system is compact, as shown in Table 2 line N (highlighted the integrated cell, scheme with different parts, and the ink-jet printed Ag working electrode) (Sibug-Torres et al, 2021).…”

Section: Examples Of 3d Printer Applications In Electrochemical Devices 3d Printed Electrochemical Cells For Sensing and Other Applicatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D Printer Guide for the Development and Application of Electrochemical Cells and Devices

et al. 2021

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3D printing is a type of additive manufacturing (AM), a technology that is on the rise and works by building parts in three dimensions by the deposit of raw material layer upon layer. In this review, we explore the use of 3D printers to prototype electrochemical cells and devices for various applications within chemistry. Recent publications reporting the use of Fused Deposition Modelling (fused deposition modeling®) technique will be mostly covered, besides papers about the application of other different types of 3D printing, highlighting the advances in the technology for promising applications in the near future. Different from the previous reviews in the area that focused on 3D printing for electrochemical applications, this review also aims to disseminate the benefits of using 3D printers for research at different levels as well as to guide researchers who want to start using this technology in their research laboratories. Moreover, we show the different designs already explored by different research groups illustrating the myriad of possibilities enabled by 3D printing.

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Fully integrated 3D-printed electrochemical cell with a modified inkjet-printed Ag electrode for voltammetric nitrate analysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

Adjusting the Connection Length of Additively Manufactured Electrodes Changes the Electrochemical and Electroanalytical Performance

Adjusting the Connection Length of Additively Manufactured Electrodes Changes the Electrochemical and Electroanalytical Performance

At-Field and On-Demand Nitrogenous Fertilizer Synthesis

A 3D Printer Guide for the Development and Application of Electrochemical Cells and Devices

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