Fully metallic copper 3D-printed electrodes via sintering for electrocatalytic biosensing

Redondo, Edurne; Pumera, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101253

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Nanocomposites have been widely introduced in FFF materials [ 13 , 14 , 47 , 48 ], while the development of nanocomposites in SLA materials is still not widely investigated [ 12 , 13 , 23 ]. Copper (Cu) is a metallic material that has been used in several applications over the years [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Its ductile behavior and antibacterial properties introduced a definite advantage for composites’ development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Biocidal Performance of Multi-Functional Resin/Copper Nanocomposites with Superior Mechanical Response in SLA 3D Printing

et al. 2022

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Metals, such as silver, gold, and copper are known for their biocidal properties, mimicking the host defense peptides (HDPs) of the immune system. Developing materials with such properties has great importance in medicine, especially when combined with 3D printing technology, which is an additional asset for various applications. In this work, copper nanoparticles were used as filler in stereolithography (SLA) ultraviolet (UV) cured commercial resin to induce such biocidal properties in the material. The nanocomposites developed featured enhanced mechanical responses when compared with the neat material. The prepared nanocomposites were employed to manufacture specimens with the SLA process, to be tested for their mechanical response according to international standards. The process followed was evaluated with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The antibacterial activity of the fabricated nanocomposites was evaluated using the agar-well diffusion method. Results showed enhanced mechanical performance of approximately 33.7% in the tensile tests for the nanocomposites filled with 1.0 wt.%. ratios, when compared to the neat matrix material, while this loading showed sufficient antibacterial performance when compared to lower filler loadings, providing an added value for the fabrication of effective nanocomposites in medical applications with the SLA process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Biocidal Performance of Multi-Functional Resin/Copper Nanocomposites with Superior Mechanical Response in SLA 3D Printing

et al. 2022

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“…Nevertheless, the required activity is often low, and post-printing treatment is required for optimizing the functionality and activity of the printed parts . Recently, incorporating a high load of metal particles in PLA enabled the FDM 3D printing of copper/PLA objects, providing high thermal and electrical conductivity. − However, devices printed with commercial metal/PLA filaments are often electrically insulating, and the removal of the non-conductive PLA and the sintering of the metal particles with temperatures around the melting point of the metal are required to obtain conductive parts. − For this sintering process, the printed object is packed in a refractory material to prevent oxidation reactions, and to keep the 3D-printed part in shape until the particles are fused, and the object is cooled down to form a stable structure. Common refractory materials are graphite or Al 2 O 3 ; in principle, however, any material sustaining the sintering temperature can be used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-Responsive Doped 3D-Printed Copper Electrodes for Water Splitting: Refractory One-Pot Doping Dramatically Enhances the Performance

2022

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3D-printed electrochemical systems and devices are highly interesting due to their customizability and point-of-need fabrication capabilities. The most common and accessible fused deposition modeling (FDM) often requires modification of the resulting material, usually by atomic layer deposition or electrodeposition. We show doping of FDM-printed copper electrodes with metal oxide crystals via a one-pot preparation step. We will show that such doped materials have dramatically enhanced photoelectrochemical properties. We utilize the fact that the copper/polylactic acid filament requires the sintering of 3D-printed parts as a post-printing procedure to form electrically conductive devices useful for electrochemical applications. Thermally stable refractory materials (i.e., graphite or Al2O3) are mandatory for the sintering process to support the 3D-printed structure. Such refractory materials can dope the surface of the 3D-printed electrode in a one-pot process. For example, here, the Al2O3 microcrystals dramatically affect the measured photocurrents and the performance of the photoelectrodes. The detailed investigation using scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy to image electro- and photoelectrochemical-generated H2 and O2 offers spatially resolved information about the photoelectrochemical activity. Therefore, the presented work will have profound implications for the design and fabrication of metal-based electrochemical and photoelectrochemical 3D-printed devices because the doping method can be transferred to other metals and refractory materials.

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“…For the development of composites and nanocomposites with antibacterial properties, additives with such properties are introduced into the materials, with copper (Cu) and its oxides, such as copper (I) oxide (cuprous oxide, Cu 2 O), frequently used in the literature [ 8 , 32 , 34 , 35 ]. Cu in different types (nanopowder and others) has been widely used and investigated in the literature for various types of applications [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. It has been processed and investigated in AM as well [ 60 , 61 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ], with several works exploiting its antibacterial performance in AM [ 34 , 65 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cu in different types (nanopowder and others) has been widely used and investigated in the literature for various types of applications [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. It has been processed and investigated in AM as well [ 60 , 61 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ], with several works exploiting its antibacterial performance in AM [ 34 , 65 ]. Cuprous oxide has been employed in semiconductors [ 67 , 68 ], among other applications; still, it is mainly used and investigated for its antibacterial properties [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trilateral Multi-Functional Polyamide 12 Nanocomposites with Binary Inclusions for Medical Grade Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Effect of Titanium Nitride in Mechanical Reinforcement and Copper/Cuprous Oxide as Antibacterial Agents

Vidakis

Petousis

Mountakis

et al. 2022

JFB

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In this work, for the first time, polyamide 12 (PA12) nanocomposites with binary inclusions in material extrusion (MEX) 3D printing were developed. The aim was to achieve an enhanced mechanical response with the addition of titanium nitride (TiN) and antibacterial performance with the addition of copper (Cu) or cuprous oxide (Cu2O), towards the development of multi-functional nanocomposite materials, exploiting the 3D printing process benefits. The prepared nanocomposites were fully characterized for their mechanical properties. The thermal properties were also investigated. Morphological characterization was performed with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial performance was investigated with an agar-well diffusion screening process. Overall, the introduction of these nanofillers induced antibacterial performance in the PA12 matrix materials, while at the same time, the mechanical performance was significantly increased. The results of the study show high potential for expanding the areas in which 3D printing can be used.

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Fully metallic copper 3D-printed electrodes via sintering for electrocatalytic biosensing

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

Investigation of the Biocidal Performance of Multi-Functional Resin/Copper Nanocomposites with Superior Mechanical Response in SLA 3D Printing

Investigation of the Biocidal Performance of Multi-Functional Resin/Copper Nanocomposites with Superior Mechanical Response in SLA 3D Printing

Photo-Responsive Doped 3D-Printed Copper Electrodes for Water Splitting: Refractory One-Pot Doping Dramatically Enhances the Performance

Trilateral Multi-Functional Polyamide 12 Nanocomposites with Binary Inclusions for Medical Grade Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Effect of Titanium Nitride in Mechanical Reinforcement and Copper/Cuprous Oxide as Antibacterial Agents

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