Fulminant Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Sabates, Roland; Pruett, Ronald C.; Brockhurst, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(81)90642-5

Cited by 65 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Retinal detachment, cataracts, neovascular glaucoma and choroidal neovascularization most frequently developed as a result of chorioretinal foci. Chorioretinal inflammation may occur in conjunction with vitreal infiltration and secondary traction, leading ultimately to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment [7,16]. Mets et al reported cataracts to be unilateral in twothirds of their cases (6/9) [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular manifestations in congenital toxoplasmosis

Kodjikian

Wallon

Fleury

et al. 2005

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmo

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At the end of the follow-up period, ocular involvement existed in 30% of the treated children with congenital toxoplasmosis. Associated eye pathologies were manifested less frequently than anticipated. They may occur later in life and are an indirect marker of the severity of congenital toxoplasmosis, but they do not have a direct impact on visual acuity. The overall functional prognosis of congenital toxoplasmosis is better than would be expected on the basis of literature findings, with only 2 of the 130 children suffering bilateral visual impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular manifestations in congenital toxoplasmosis

Kodjikian

Wallon

Fleury

et al. 2005

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmo

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“…The immunosuppressi~e effect of large doses of steroids (when administered without concurrent antimicrobial therapy) has been associated with deterioration of ocular toxoplasmosis, and destruction of the eye in some cases [1,2]. Less clear is the association between steroid use and the recurrence of inactive toxoplasmic lesions.…”

Section: Ocular Toxoplasmosis and Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ocular toxoplasmosis in the immunocompromised host

Holland¹

1989

Int Ophthalmol

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Disseminated toxoplasmosis is a well-known complication of immunodeficiency states, including those induced by malignancies, steroid and cytotoxic drug therapy, and AIDS. In immunodeficient patients, toxoplasmic infections of the eye are less common than toxoplasmic infections of other organs for unknown reasons. When ocular toxoplasmosis does occur in the immunodeficient host, or if immunosuppressive therapy is administered to patients with active disease, widespread tissue destruction by proliferating organisms may result. Immunodeficiency alone may not be sufficient, however, to cause reactivation of encysted organisms in retinochoroidal scars. Ocular toxoplasmosis in the immunocompromised host presents difficult problems in diagnosis and management. There may be a variety of clinical lesions, including single foci of retinochoroiditis in one or both eyes, multifocal lesions, or diffuse areas of retinal necrosis. The majority of lesions do not arise from the borders of preexisting scars, which suggests that they result from acquired infection or dissemination of organisms from nonocular sites of disease. Toxoplasma gondii may infect iris, choroid, and vitreous-tissues that are not usually infected in the immunocompetent host. Ocular lesions appear to respond to standard antiparasitic drug therapies, but continued treatment is probably necessary to prevent reactivation of disease in the most immunocompromised patients. The best treatment regimens have yet to be determined. Histopathologic studies show little retinal inflammation; therefore anti-inflammatory drugs, such as oral steroids, probably have no role in the management of infection.

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“…23,26,29,30 Toxoplasmosis as a cause of multifocal or diffuse necrotising retinitis or both clinically appearing similar to acute retinal necrosis has been reported in elderly otherwise immunocompetent patients. 31 Of the importance to ophthalmologists is the fact that ocular disease may be the first manifestation of life-threatening multisystem toxoplasma infection in patients who are immunodeficient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%