Fulton's body condition factor K correlates with survival time in a thermal challenge experiment in juvenile Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi)

Assessment of contamination of the Svitava and Svratka rivers in the Czech Republic using selected biochemical markers

“…The fish were weighed, measured, and their scales were collected for age determination. From their weight (g) and length (mm), Fulton's body condition factor K was estimated as K ¼ (weight  10 5 )/length 3 [17]. The gonads and liver were dissected and weighed.…”

Assessing thermal adaptation using family‐based association andFSToutlier tests in a threatened trout species

“…A conservation hatchery programme was initiated from this Utah stream population in 1995 by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) with the goal of restoring the genetic characteristics underlying the lacustrine life history and unique physiological and metabolic adaptations of Pyramid Lake LCT. Subsequent tests of full‐sibling family groups from the “Pilot Peak” hatchery strain under a thermal challenge confirmed high among‐family variation in temperature tolerance, a strong correlation between temperature tolerance and body condition (0.84) and estimated the heritability of both traits ( H = 0.21 and 0.28, respectively, in Table 2; Robinson et al, ). Efforts to recover LCT in Pyramid and other extirpated western lakes now focus largely on this conservation hatchery strain, assumed to represent the genetic adaptations of historical LCT from Pyramid Lake and to retain a possible metabolic buffer that may improve the fish's ability to persist in human‐altered habitats (Robinson et al, ).…”

“…Our samples included previously extracted DNA from the same individuals from the seven Pilot Peak strain families (herein referred to as PPP, or Pilot Peak Population) assessed by Robinson et al () and samples from the two natural lakes. We also included samples from several pairs of populations from contrasting (warm and cold) stream environments (Table , Figure ) to enable comprehensive marker discovery and, initially, to provide broader testing of LCT across the range (but see F ST outlier test between natural lake populations below, detailing that we dropped these samples ultimately from further analyses).…”

“…To characterize the genetic variation underlying thermal tolerance in LCT, we evaluated genomic association with phenotypic variation in the seven full‐sibling hatchery families using plink version 1.9 (http://pngu.mgh.harvard.edu/purcell/plink/). We applied the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) to perform a family‐based test of genome‐wide association with individual survival time under increasing water temperatures as quantified by Robinson et al (; although also quantified by Robinson et al we did not analyse body condition as a separate phenotype here because of its demonstrated high correlation with temperature tolerance in this broodstock). In plink , the TDT is implemented with the qfam function.…”

“…The resulting phenotypic traits of this lacustrine fish—fast growth rate, large size, and a tolerance for variable temperature and alkalinity—may be especially important when considering long‐term persistence of remaining or restored lake populations under global climate change. For instance, LCT in better body condition (bigger, more energy reserves) are assumed to be able to better withstand the higher metabolic costs of higher temperatures (Robinson, Gomez‐Raya, Rauw, & Peacock, ). Additionally, due to indeterminate growth in salmonids larger females have higher fecundity, which may also contribute a demographic buffer for populations.…”