Fulvia fulva [syn. Cladosporium fulvum, Passalora fulva] races in Argentina are evolving through genetic changes and carry polymorphic avr and ecp gene sequences

Abstract

The aim of this work was to study further the population of Fulvia fulva [syn. Cladosporium fulvum, Passalora fulva] in Argentina particularly in terms of diversity at the genetic level by means of ISSR. Also, we studied polymorphisms within avr and ecp sequences, what incidentally might lead to the development of new races. Argentinian tomato cultivars only are affected by two races of F. fulva and the data we provide here indicates that the populations of these two races are under an evolutionary process. Representatives of them had several

The race distribution of the Fulvia fulva populations and mutations in the Avr genes in Turkey

“…In our study, similar to the previous study, no mutation was detected in the Avr4 gene, and the c.2T>C mutation was detected in the Avr2 gene of all isolates except the Z2/3 isolate. As a result of sequence comparisons, it was determined that the mutations reported in the Avr2 by Novak et al (2021) and the Avr2, Avr4 and Avr4E genes by Lucentini et al (2021) were not found in the isolates sequenced in this study.…”

“…Mutations in the Avr2 gene were encoded according to Stergiopoulos, De Kock, et al (2007). Mutations in the Avr4E and Avr9 genes were encoded after the sequences were aligned and cut according to the mutations reported by Lucentini et al (2021). The mating types of the 18 isolates used in this study were determined in a previous study (Gül et al, 2022).…”

“…F. fulva races that can break Cf resistance genes in tomato have been reported (Bernal‐Cabrera et al., 2009, 2021; Iida et al., 2015; Kubota et al., 2015; Li et al., 2015; Lindhout et al., 1989; Novak et al., 2021; Satou et al., 2005; Sudermann et al., 2022). Moreover, numerous mutations have been reported in the Avr genes of F. fulva (Bernal‐Cabrera et al., 2009; Iida et al., 2015; Lucentini et al., 2021; Novak et al., 2021; Stergiopoulos, De Kock, et al., 2007; Sudermann et al., 2022; Yoshida et al., 2021).…”

Beyond the genomes of Fulvia fulva (syn. Cladosporium fulvum) and Dothistroma septosporum: New insights into how these fungal pathogens interact with their host plants

“…Since 2012, a number of F. fulva races have been collected from around the world, including Argentina, China, Croatia, Cuba, Korea, Turkey, and the United States, that have overcome resistance provided by one or more of the Cf ‐2 , Cf ‐4 , Cf ‐4 E , Cf ‐5 , or Cf ‐9 immune receptor genes in commercial tomato varieties (Altin, 2016 ; Bernal‐Cabrera et al, 2021 ; Iida et al, 2015 ; Kubota et al, 2015 ; Lee et al, 2013 ; Li et al, 2015 ; Lucentini et al, 2021 ; Medina et al, 2015 ; Mesarich et al, 2014 ; Novak et al, 2021 ; Rollan et al, 2013 ; Sudermann et al, 2022 ; Yoshida et al, 2021 ). Analysis of the allelic variation present in the matching Avr genes has revealed many new mutations, in addition to mutations that had previously been characterized (Stergiopoulos, De Kock, et al, 2007 ), that enable these effectors to escape recognition by their cognate immune receptors (Table 5 ).…”

Pudrición blanca en duramen de ejemplares de Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) del arbolado urbano de La Plata (Buenos Aires): agente causal y caracterización químico-anatómica del leño atacado

“…Una vez obtenidas las colonias, éstas fueron repicadas por siembra de punta de hifa con el propósito de obtener cultivos puros y proceder a su identificación. La identificación fue realizada a partir de las características culturales de los aislamientos obtenidos, de acuerdo con Deschamps y Wright (1975) y mediante la amplificación por la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) de la región ITS, utilizando los primers ITS4 e ITS5, siguiendo la metodología descripta por Lucentini et al (2021) y posterior secuenciación en Macrogen (Seúl, Corea). Las secuencias fueron depositadas en el National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank.…”