Fumonisin Toxicosis in Swine: Clinical and Pathologic Findings

Colvin, Billy M; Cooley, A J; Beaver, Rodney W.

doi:10.1177/104063879300500215

Cited by 102 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[3][4][5]9 Sera that contain antibodies to 1 or more of these pathogens produce reproducible, unique immunoblot patterns against homologous agent antigens. This observation has been used to develop an immunoblot method permitting the rapid simultaneous performance of serodiagnostic tests for all 4 pathogens on a single nitrocellulose strip.…”

Section: Sources and Manufacturersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pigs fed corn with 200 ppm of FB 1 but consuming Ͻ16 mg FB 1 /kg/day only developed icterus and hepatocellular necrosis. 5 Pigs fed Ͼ16 mg FB 1 /kg/day developed pulmonary edema. 5 The highest dose of FB 1 previously reported to be fed to cattle was 2.36 mg/kg body weight daily for 31 days.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…5 Pigs fed Ͼ16 mg FB 1 /kg/day developed pulmonary edema. 5 The highest dose of FB 1 previously reported to be fed to cattle was 2.36 mg/kg body weight daily for 31 days. 14 The cattle reported in this study received FB 1 for a longer time period and with a terminally higher dose (2.36 mg/kg/ day increased to 3.54 mg/kg/day).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2,3 The OIE also prescribes alternative test methods, and these must be used with sera that produce anticomplementary or otherwise spurious reactions in the CFT. [3][4][5]9 This testing is laborious and complex because no single accepted method can be applied to conduct the entire battery of alternative tests. Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests can be used to detect B. equi and B. caballi antibodies, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used to detect B. mallei antibody, and IFA, ELISA, or agar gel imFrom the Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Equine piroplasmosis, dourine, and glanders are progressive, often fatal diseases of horses resulting from infections with Babesia equi or B. caballi, Trypanosoma equiperdum, and Burkholderia mallei, respectively. 1,[3][4][5][6]9 The Office of International Des Epizooties (OIE) classifies all 3 diseases as reportable List B conditions, and many OIE member nations maintain regulatory animal health controls to prevent the occurrence or spread of these diseases. 3 These controls often include a requirement that equids presented for importation be seronegative for each of the 4 infectious agents involved.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Chronic Experimental Fumonisin Intoxication of Calves

Baker

Rottinghaus

1999

J VET Diagn Invest

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Fumonisins are structurally related mycotoxins produced by the mold Fusarium moniliforme, which is the most common fungal contaminant of com. Fumonisin (FB 1 ) is the most abundant of the fumonisins produced by F. moniliforme. The fumonisins cause encephalomalacia in horses 11 and pulmonary hypertension with pulmonary artery medial hypertrophy and right ventricular hypertrophy in swine, 4,21 are hepatotoxic in most animal species 3,[8][9][10]14,24 and carcinogenic in rats 6 and possibly people, 22 and are nephrotoxic in rats and rabbits. 8,24 Swine also exhibit altered myocardial function when exposed to fumonisins, and porcine cultured endothelium exhibits disruption of barrier function when FB 1 is present. 7,21 Previously, cattle fed fumonisins experimentally for short periods of time to determine the effects exhibited only minimal hepatic and immune function changes. 14,15 Cattle in feed lots are fed large quantities of corn for weight gain and occasionally develop pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure even at altitudes that are not usually considered a risk for pulmonary hypertension. This experiment was conducted to determine if cattle develop pulmonary hypertension in response to consumption of fumonisins for prolonged periods of time at altitudes that are not usually associated with pulmonary hypertension in cattle.Fusarium moniliforme was prepared as previously described. 26 The F. moniliforme culture material was ground to a fine powder and analyzed for FB 1 by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as previously described. 27 The culture material contained 5,500 mg FB 1 /kg. This F. moniliforme culture material was mixed with com lacking FB 1 , and the resulting mixture was reassayed. The average fumonisin B 1 , B 2 , and B 3 levels in the final corn mixture fed to cattle was 328 FB 1 , 89 ppm FB 2 , and 23 ppm FB 3 .Five Holstein steers weighing 86-127 kg were individually housed in pens enclosed in an unheated barn and fed either alfalfa/grass mixed hay and rolled corn (group A) or alfalfa/grass mixed hay and corn mixed with fumonisin culture material (group B). Cattle were purchased after being weaned, allowed to acclimate to the environment, and fed corn at an increasing amount over a period of 7 days to a final consumption level of 0.72% of body weight once daily in all calves. Following 1 week of dietary acclimation, group A cattle were fed rolled corn at the same rate as group B calves. Group B calves were acclimated to the fumonisincontaminated corn over a period of 7 days by blending on treated corn and fumonisin-contaminated corn until after 7 Received for publication February 10, 1998. days the diet was entirely fumonisin-contaminated corn fed at the rate of 0.72% of body weight. Cattle were weighed weekly throughout the experiment, and the amount of corn fed to each calf was adjusted accordingly. Because only minimal effects were evident in the fumonisin-fed cattle, the amount of corn fed group A and B calves was slowly increased over 7 days to 1.07% of body weight,...

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Section: Sources and Manufacturersmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Experimental Fumonisin Intoxication of Calves

Baker

Rottinghaus

1999

J VET Diagn Invest

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Subchronic toxic effects of fusarium moniliforme and fumonisin B1 in rats and mice

et al. 1996

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Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by the fungi Fusarium moniliforme, F. proliferatum, and other Fusarium species. Fumonisin B1, the most commonly found fumonisin, causes the fatal diseases equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. Fumonisins are suspected human carcinogens because of the extraordinarily high incidences of esophageal cancer coincidentally found in areas of southern Africa and China where F. moniliforme-contaminated corn is consumed as a dietary staple. The subchronic (up to 90 days) effects of F. moniliforme-contaminated corn, corn cultures of this fungus, and purified fumonisin B1 (FB1) in rats and mice were systematically studied to determine target organs, characterize organ-specified lesions, and obtain dose-response data. The liver is a target organ in both species. Serum chemical findings indicative of hepatocellular injury and morphological findings, including apoptosis, appeared qualitatively similar in both species. The kidney is also a target organ in rats, but not mice. Lesions which include apoptosis and cellular degeneration are predominately found in the outer medella. Results of several investigations showed that the kidney was consistently affected at lower doses than the liver. The "no-observed-effect" level for nephropathy in rats was also consistently lower in males than females, suggesting a sex-related difference in nephrotoxic response to fumonisins. Other findings suggest that toxigenesis may be mediated by disruption of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. Hepatic and renal sphingolipid profiles, specifically sphinganine concentration and sphinganine-to-sphingosine ratio, were altered in rats fed FB1 at levels that did not cause serum chemical, organ weight, or histopathological evidence of toxicity.

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Studies on the reproductive effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material in rats and the biodistribution of [14c]fumonisin B1 in pregnant rats

et al. 1996

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Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme and other Fusarium species. They are commonly found in corn and corn-based foodstuffs. Fumonisins inhibit sphingolipid (SL) biosynthesis, alter cellular SL profiles, and thus may affect cell proliferation and differentiation, both of which are important processes for reproduction. However, there are few reports of the effects of F. moniliforme or fumonisins on mammalian reproduction or development. To study the reproductive effects of this fungus, diets formulated with culture material of toxic F. moniliforme strain MRC 826 (CM) to provide 0, 1, 10, or 55 ppm fumonisin B1 (FB1) were fed to male and female rats beginning 9 and 2 weeks before mating, respectively, and continuing throughout mating, gestational, and lactational phases of the study. CM caused nephropathy, typical of FB1, in males fed > or = 10 ppm and females fed 55 ppm FB1. No significant reproductive effects were found in males (n = 12/group), dams, and fetuses examined on gestation day 15 (G15) (n > or = 8/group), or dams and litters through day 21 postpartum (n > or = 9/group). Litter weight gain in the 10 or 55 ppm FB1 groups was slightly decreased; however, gross litter weight and physical development of offspring were not affected. Altered SL ratios indicative of fumonisin exposure, specifically increased sphinganine to sphingosine ratios, were found in the livers of dams from the 55-ppm FB1 group on G15. However, SL ratios of abdominal slices, containing liver and kidney, of fetuses from control and high-dose litters did not differ. In a second experiment, two dams were injected intravenously on G15 with 101 micrograms [14C]FB1 (3.179 x 10(5) dpm). After 1 hr, which allowed for ca. 98% of the dose to be cleared from the maternal blood, negligible amounts of radioactivity were found in the fetuses. Together, these results indicate that the CM, and by inference FB1, did not have significant reproductive effects at doses which are minimally toxic, and further suggest that little in utero FB1 exposure occurred through G15.

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Fumonisin Toxicosis in Swine: Clinical and Pathologic Findings

Cited by 102 publications

References 13 publications

Chronic Experimental Fumonisin Intoxication of Calves

Chronic Experimental Fumonisin Intoxication of Calves

Subchronic toxic effects of fusarium moniliforme and fumonisin B1 in rats and mice

Studies on the reproductive effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material in rats and the biodistribution of [14c]fumonisin B1 in pregnant rats

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