Fumonisins in corn (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) from Southern Brazil

Scussel, V. M.; Savi, Geovana D.; Costas, Lea Luzia Freitas; Xavier, José Junior Mendonça; Manfio, Daniel; Bittencourt, Karoline O.; Aguiar, Kin; Stein, Stephanie M.

doi:10.1080/19393210.2013.862745

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although their results are based only on 22 samples, both surveys show that FB1 contamination of maize grains is frequent in Uruguay, and it is frequently found at high levels. Also, our results are similar to those reported for maize in other parts of the world (Garrido et al 2012;Scussel et al 2014;Udovicki et al 2018;Yli-Mattila and Sundheim 2022) and support the idea that this crop is very prone to fumonisin contamination (Ponce-García et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Major Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with freshly harvested maize grain in Uruguay

et al. 2023

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Fusarium species are common fungal pathogens of maize. Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides, among others, can cause maize ear rot, and they are also mycotoxin producers. The aims of this work were to determine the frequency and diversity of Fusarium species in Uruguayan maize kernels, evaluate the toxigenic potential of the isolates, determine toxin contamination levels on freshly harvested grain, and assess the sensitivity of main Fusarium species against fungicides. Fusarium verticillioides was the most frequent species isolated, followed by Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto. Of F. verticillioides isolates studied for fumonisin production, 72% produced fumonisin B1 and 32% fumonisin B2. Considering in vitro toxin production by F. graminearum sensu stricto isolates, deoxynivalenol was the main toxin produced, followed by zearalenone and nivalenol. Fumonisins were the most frequently found toxins on freshly harvested maize samples (98% in 2018 and 86% in 2019), and also, fumonisin B1 was the toxin with highest concentration in both years studied (4860 µg/ kg in 2018 and 1453 µg/kg in 2019). Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were also found as contaminants. Metconazole and epoxiconazole were the most effective fungicides tested on F. verticillioides isolates. Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto isolates also were more sensitive to metconazole compared to other fungicides; nevertheless, epoxiconazole was less efficient in controlling this species. This is the first study that reports Fusarium species and mycotoxin contamination levels associated with maize grain in Uruguay. Its detection is the main step to develop management strategies in order to minimize fungal infection in maize crops.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Major Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with freshly harvested maize grain in Uruguay

et al. 2023

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“…Brazil is one of the largest grain producers in the world, with studies reporting the presence of these three mycotoxins in many economically important food crops. In particular, studies regarding OTA and FB 1 report the contamination of two of Brazil’s main exports: coffee and corn [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The risks of exposure to these classes of toxins are due to difficulty controlling their growth in grains as a result of the natural growth of fungi under certain conditions of humidity and temperature during the pre-harvest phase in addition to the toxins’ post-harvest stability and resilience against chemicals, thermal factors and physical treatments [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alphatoxin Nanopore Detection of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin and Fumonisin in Aqueous Solution

Silva

Júnior

Cavalcanti

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Mycotoxins are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by groups of filamentous fungi that colonize food crops. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are among the most relevant agricultural mycotoxins, as they can induce various toxic processes in humans and animals. To detect AFB1, OTA and FB1 in the most varied matrices, chromatographic and immunological methods are primarily used; however, these techniques are time-consuming and expensive. In this study, we demonstrate that unitary alphatoxin nanopore can be used to detect and differentiate these mycotoxins in aqueous solution. The presence of AFB1, OTA or FB1 inside the nanopore induces reversible blockage of the ionic current flowing through the nanopore, with distinct characteristics of blockage that are unique to each of the three toxins. The process of discrimination is based on the residual current ratio calculation and analysis of the residence time of each mycotoxin inside the unitary nanopore. Using a single alphatoxin nanopore, the mycotoxins could be detected at the nanomolar level, indicating that alphatoxin nanopore is a promising molecular tool for discriminatory analysis of mycotoxins in aqueous solution.

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“…27 The most abundant and toxicologically most significant of them all is FB 1 ; it is responsible for about 70% of the total concentration of FBs in naturally contaminated raw materials and final products, followed by FB 2 and FB 3 . 28 On account of the great importance of FBs, the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) has stipulated 5000 μg kg −1 as their maximum tolerable levels in corn. 29 However, legal limits for FBs in corn DDGS have not been set thus far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major forms occurring in food and feed are fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), fumonisin B 2 (FB 2 ) and fumonisin B 3 (FB 3 ), being accountable for serious adverse health outcomes in humans and animals 27 . The most abundant and toxicologically most significant of them all is FB 1 ; it is responsible for about 70% of the total concentration of FBs in naturally contaminated raw materials and final products, followed by FB 2 and FB 3 28 . On account of the great importance of FBs, the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) has stipulated 5000 μg kg −1 as their maximum tolerable levels in corn 29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of fumonisins B₁ and B₂ in corn distiller's dried grains with solubles through near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Tyska

Mallmann²,

Simões

et al. 2022

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND: Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are coproducts of the biofuel industries that use corn as raw material. This cereal is commonly contaminated by mycotoxins, including fumonisins (FBs), which can pose a serious health threat to humans and animals. Corn DDGS are typically used as a protein-rich animal feed. As mycotoxins from the original cereal grains become concentrated in DDGS, mycotoxicological monitoring is highly required before their use as ingredient in the industry.RESULTS: This work aimed to develop a methodology for predicting fumonisins B 1 (FB 1 ) and B 2 (FB 2 ) in corn DDGS using nearinfrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technology associated with chemometric methods. One hundred and ninety corn DDGS samples originating from Brazilian ethanol plants and feed mills were included in this assessment. Two datasets were created: one for calibration (132 samples) and another for external validation (58 samples). Partial least squares regression and a cross-validation approach were applied to build the models. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used as the reference methodology. Calibration results of correlation coefficient and residual prediction deviation for FB 1 and FB 2 were, respectively, 0.90 and 0.88; and 2.16 and 2.06. CONCLUSION: Values of the external validation dataset were compared and no statistical difference was found between groups, indicating a satisfactory predictive ability and confirming the potential of NIRS to predict fumonisins in corn DDGS.

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Fumonisins in corn (Zea maysL.) from Southern Brazil

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Major Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with freshly harvested maize grain in Uruguay

Major Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with freshly harvested maize grain in Uruguay

Alphatoxin Nanopore Detection of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin and Fumonisin in Aqueous Solution

Prediction of fumonisins B₁ and B₂ in corn distiller's dried grains with solubles through near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy

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Fumonisins in corn (Zea maysL.) from Southern Brazil

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Major Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with freshly harvested maize grain in Uruguay

Major Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with freshly harvested maize grain in Uruguay

Alphatoxin Nanopore Detection of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin and Fumonisin in Aqueous Solution

Prediction of fumonisins B1 and B2 in corn distiller's dried grains with solubles through near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy

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Prediction of fumonisins B₁ and B₂ in corn distiller's dried grains with solubles through near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy