Function and Circuitry of VIP+ Interneurons in the Mouse Retina

Park, Silvia J. H.; Borghuis, Bart G.; Rahmani, Pouyan; Zeng, Qiang; Kim, In-Jung; Demb, Jonathan B.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0222-15.2015

Cited by 63 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Apart from just a few identified cell types with well-characterized functions (e.g., starburst amacrine cells, AII amacrine cells, and A17 amacrine cells), the intrinsic properties, synaptic dynamics, and circuit functions of most of the 40–50 amacrine cell types in the mammalian retina are mysterious. For example, three distinct cell types with unique morphology and physiology were identified within the class of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide–expressing amacrine cells (Park et al 2015). In the future, a primary goal of retinal neurophysiology should be to study lateral inhibitory circuitry so that it is explained to the same extent as the vertical excitatory pathways that we have reviewed here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Circuitry of the Retina

Demb

Singer

2015

Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci.

167

131

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The mammalian retina is an important model system for studying neural circuitry: Its role in sensation is clear, its cell types are relatively well defined, and its responses to natural stimuli—light patterns—can be studied in vitro. To solve the retina, we need to understand how the circuits pre-synaptic to its output neurons, ganglion cells, divide the visual scene into parallel representations to be assembled and interpreted by the brain. This requires identifying the component interneurons and understanding how their intrinsic properties and synapses generate circuit behaviors. Because the cellular composition and fundamental properties of the retina are shared across species, basic mechanisms studied in the genetically modifiable mouse retina apply to primate vision. We propose that the apparent complexity of retinal computation derives from a straightforward mechanism—a dynamic balance of synaptic excitation and inhibition regulated by use-dependent synaptic depression—applied differentially to the parallel pathways that feed ganglion cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Circuitry of the Retina

Demb

Singer

2015

Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci.

167

131

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“…The pipette solution was Cs based (most voltage-clamp recordings) or K based (current-clamp recordings), as described previously (Park et al, 2015). In some cases, we made both voltage- and current-clamp recordings from the same AII (K-based internal); in these cases, the voltage-clamp recordings contributed to measures of response amplitude and phase but not to baseline noise (see Figures 5A2–5A5 and 5B2–5B5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexin 3 Increases the Fidelity of Signaling in a Retinal Circuit by Regulating Exocytosis at Ribbon Synapses

Mortensen¹,

Park²,

Ke³

et al. 2016

Cell Reports

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SUMMARYComplexin (Cplx) proteins modulate the core SNARE complex to regulate exocytosis. To understand the contributions of Cplx to signaling in a well-characterized neural circuit, we investigated how Cplx3, a retina-specific paralog, shapes transmission at rod bipolar (RB) → AII amacrine cell synapses in the mouse retina. Knockout of Cplx3 strongly attenuated fast, phasic Ca2+-dependent transmission, dependent on local [Ca2+] nanodomains, but enhanced slower Ca2+-dependent transmission, dependent on global intraterminal [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]I). Surprisingly, coordinated multivesicular release persisted at Cplx3−/− synapses, although its onset was slowed. Light-dependent signaling at Cplx3−/− RB → AII synapses was sluggish, owing largely to increased asynchronous release at light offset. Consequently, propagation of RB output to retinal ganglion cells was suppressed dramatically. Our study links Cplx3 expression with synapse and circuit function in a specific retinal pathway and reveals a role for asynchronous release in circuit gain control.

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“…This approach has become a valuable tool for untangling the diversity of amacrine cells and defining their synaptic relationships and connectivity, and their intrinsic and receptive field properties. For instance, recent studies have labeled Cre‐expressing amacrine cells using either Cre‐dependent reporter mouse lines or AAVs for anatomical characterization and electrophysiological studies of both the vGluT3‐Cre and VIP‐ires‐Cre amacrine cells (Grimes, Seal, Oesch, Edwards, & Diamond, ; Lee et al, ; Zhu, Xu, Hauswirth, & DeVries, ; Akrouh & Kerschensteiner, ; Park et al, ). Cre‐expressing amacrine cells can also be manipulated using optogenetic molecules to selectively stimulate or inhibit retinal cells and chemogenetic approaches (PSAM or DREADDs) to reversibly manipulate Cre‐expressing retinal cell populations (Magnus et al, ; Madisen et al, ; Huang & Zeng, ; Sternson & Roth, ; Vlasits et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple cell types form the VIP amacrine cell population

Müller

Solomon

Sheets

et al. 2017

J of Comparative Neurology

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Amacrine cells are a heterogeneous group of interneurons that form microcircuits with bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells to process visual information in the inner retina. This study has characterized the morphology, neurochemistry and major cell types of a VIP-ires-Cre amacrine cell population. VIP-tdTomato and -Confetti (Brainbow2.1) mouse lines were generated by crossing a VIP-ires-Cre line with either a Cre-dependent tdTomato or Brainbow2.1 reporter line. Retinal sections and whole-mounts were evaluated by quantitative, immunohistochemical, and intracellular labeling approaches. The majority of tdTomato and Confetti fluorescent cell bodies were in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and a few cell bodies were in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Fluorescent processes ramified in strata 1, 3, 4, and 5 of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). All tdTomato fluorescent cells expressed syntaxin 1A and GABA-immunoreactivity indicating they were amacrine cells. The average VIP-tdTomato fluorescent cell density in the INL and GCL was 535 and 24 cells/mm , respectively. TdTomato fluorescent cells in the INL and GCL contained VIP-immunoreactivity. The VIP-ires-Cre amacrine cell types were identified in VIP-Brainbow2.1 retinas or by intracellular labeling in VIP-tdTomato retinas. VIP-1 amacrine cells are bistratified, wide-field cells that ramify in strata 1, 4, and 5, VIP-2A and 2B amacrine cells are medium-field cells that mainly ramify in strata 3 and 4, and VIP-3 displaced amacrine cells are medium-field cells that ramify in strata 4 and 5 of the IPL. VIP-ires-Cre amacrine cells form a neuropeptide-expressing cell population with multiple cell types, which are likely to have distinct roles in visual processing.

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Function and Circuitry of VIP+ Interneurons in the Mouse Retina

Cited by 63 publications

References 91 publications

Functional Circuitry of the Retina

Functional Circuitry of the Retina

Complexin 3 Increases the Fidelity of Signaling in a Retinal Circuit by Regulating Exocytosis at Ribbon Synapses

Multiple cell types form the VIP amacrine cell population

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