Function and regulation of phospholipid signalling in plants

Hou, Xue; Chen, Xu; Yu, Mei

doi:10.1042/bj20090300

Cited by 196 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(228 reference statements)

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“…The phosphatidylinositol (PI) signaling pathway and its relevant molecules play critical roles in regulating plant growth and stress response (for reviews, [1][2][3]). PI monophosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) is a key enzyme in the PI signaling pathway that catalyzes the synthesis of PI-4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P 2 ], which is the precursor of two important secondary messengers: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P 3 ] and diacylglycerol [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol monophosphate 5-kinase 2 is involved in root gravitropism through regulation of polar auxin transport by affecting the cycling of PIN proteins

et al. 2011

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Phosphatidylinositol monophosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) catalyzes the synthesis of PI-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5) P 2 ) by phosphorylation of PI-4-phosphate at the 5 position of the inositol ring, and is involved in regulating multiple developmental processes and stress responses. We here report on the functional characterization of Arabidopsis PIP5K2, which is expressed during lateral root initiation and elongation, and whose expression is enhanced by exogenous auxin. The knockout mutant pip5k2 shows reduced lateral root formation, which could be recovered with exogenous auxin, and interestingly, delayed root gravity response that could not be recovered with exogenous auxin. Crossing with the DR5-GUS marker line and measurement of free IAA content confirmed the reduced auxin accumulation in pip5k2. In addition, analysis using the membrane-selective dye FM4-64 revealed the decelerated vesicle trafficking caused by PtdIns(4,5)P 2 reduction, which hence results in suppressed cycling of PIN proteins (PIN2 and 3), and delayed redistribution of PIN2 and auxin under gravistimulation in pip5k2 roots. On the contrary, PtdIns(4,5) P 2 significantly enhanced the vesicle trafficking and cycling of PIN proteins. These results demonstrate that PIP5K2 is involved in regulating lateral root formation and root gravity response, and reveal a critical role of PIP5K2/PtdIns(4,5)P 2 in root development through regulation of PIN proteins, providing direct evidence of crosstalk between the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway and auxin response, and new insights into the control of polar auxin transport.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol monophosphate 5-kinase 2 is involved in root gravitropism through regulation of polar auxin transport by affecting the cycling of PIN proteins

et al. 2011

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“…These second messengers then activate protein kinase C (PKC) and the ER-localised IP 3 receptor, respectively, in animal cells [1,2]. However, although the PI-PLC signaling cascade is present in plants [5][6][7], genes encoding PKC and the IP 3 receptor have not been found in terrestrial plant genomes, suggesting differences in second messenger systems between animals and plants. To date, the genomes of a variety of unicellular and multicellular algae have been sequenced [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] as shown in (Table 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative Genomic View of The Inositol-1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor in Plants

Mikami¹

2014

J Plant Biochem Physiol

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Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P 3 , IP 3 ] is a second messenger involved in transient release of Ca 2+ from the ER that activates cytosolic Ca 2+ signalling cascades in response to extracellular and intracellular stimuli [1,2]. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate is cleaved by phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) into the second messengers diacylglycerol (DAG) and IP 3 [3,4]. These second messengers then activate protein kinase C (PKC) and the ER-localised IP 3 receptor, respectively, in animal cells [1,2]. However, although the PI-PLC signaling cascade is present in plants [5][6][7], genes encoding PKC and the IP 3 receptor have not been found in terrestrial plant genomes, suggesting differences in second messenger systems between animals and plants. To date, the genomes of a variety of unicellular and multicellular algae have been sequenced [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] as shown in (Table 1). In addition, large-scale EST information for the red seaweeds Porphyra umbilicalis and Porphyra purpurea has been accumulated [24][25][26]. Such rich gene information enables us to identify the genes encoding IP 3 receptor gene homologues in algae to hypothesize the evolutionary route of the loss of the IP 3 gene in plant lineages.The origin of the IP 3 receptor-dependent transient Ca 2+ release system predates the divergence of animals and fungi [27,28]. Indeed, homologues of genes encoding the IP 3 receptor have been identified in protozoa such as the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis [29], the myxomycete Dictyostelium discoideum [30], the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia [31], and the parasite Trypanosoma brucei [32]. Thus, it is plausible that an ancient eukaryotic cell containing an IP 3 receptor gene was the target of endosymbiosis with an ancient cyanobacterium to produce plant cells, after which the IP 3 gene was lost from plant lineages. At present, IP 3 receptor homologues have been found in green algae, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [10] and Volvox carteri [33,34], and in heterokont algae including Aureococcus anophagefferrens [21] and Ectocarpus siliculosus [22], but have not been identified in red algae or streptophytes (land plants and charophytic algae) (Figure 1). These findings have led to proposals that the IP 3 receptor gene homologue was lost on multiple occasions during plant evolution. Because an ancestor of both green and red photosynthetic algal cells appeared after the primary endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium into an ancient non-photosynthetic eukaryotic cell [35], the IP 3 receptor homologue was probably lost from lineages of red algae and green algae except for Volvocales (Figure 1). In fact, the genomes of unicellular Aureococcus anophagefferrens and multicellular Ectocarpus siliculosus carry an IP 3 receptor gene homologue (Figure 1). Because both photosynthetic algae arose from secondary endosymbiosis of a red algal cell into an ancient non-photosynthetic eukaryotic cell [35], it appears that red algae subsequently lost the IP...

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“…Interestingly, two functional paralogs of GL2 targets, RSL4 and LRL3, are also responsive to external signals, indicating that some of the apparent genetic redundancy could be explained by the recruitment of these genes for specific functions in response to the prevailing environmental conditions. Root hair elongation, and hence length, is also dependent on phosphoinositides, a family of minor membrane phospholipids that contain a phosphorylated inositol head group and play crucial roles in signaling events (Xue et al, 2009). Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P], for example, is essential for root hair elongation (Lee et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Control Of Root Hair Elongation and Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulation and plasticity of root hair patterning and morphogenesis

2016

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Root hairs are highly specialized cells found in the epidermis of plant roots that play a key role in providing the plant with water and mineral nutrients. Root hairs have been used as a model system for understanding both cell fate determination and the morphogenetic plasticity of cell differentiation. Indeed, many studies have shown that the fate of root epidermal cells, which differentiate into either root hair or non-hair cells, is determined by a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic cues that results in a predictable but highly plastic pattern of epidermal cells that can vary in shape, size and function. Here, we review these studies and discuss recent evidence suggesting that environmental information can be integrated at multiple points in the root hair morphogenetic pathway and affects multifaceted processes at the chromatin, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.

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Function and regulation of phospholipid signalling in plants

Cited by 196 publications

References 153 publications

Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol monophosphate 5-kinase 2 is involved in root gravitropism through regulation of polar auxin transport by affecting the cycling of PIN proteins

Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol monophosphate 5-kinase 2 is involved in root gravitropism through regulation of polar auxin transport by affecting the cycling of PIN proteins

Comparative Genomic View of The Inositol-1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor in Plants

The regulation and plasticity of root hair patterning and morphogenesis

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