Function of Cannabinoid Receptors in the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Hormone Secretion

Murphy, Laura; Muñoz, Riansares; Adrian, Brian; Villanúa, María Ángeles

doi:10.1006/nbdi.1998.0224

Cited by 162 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Cannabinoids increase ACTH and cortisol release via CB-1R activation in the hypothalamus pituitary (HPA) axis (Pagotto et al, 2006). The blunted D-9-THC-induced cortisol release in frequent users of cannabis is consistent with the animal literature (Murphy et al, 1998a). The latter is thought to reflect tolerance secondary to a downregulation of CB-1R in the HPA axis.…”

Section: Tolerancesupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Cannabinoids produce a predominantly late inhibitory effect on prolactin release (Harclerode, 1984;Murphy et al, 1998b;Pagotto et al, 2006), which is mediated by CB-1R activation of tuberoinfundibular DA neurons (Rodriguez De Fonseca et al, 1992). D-9-THC failed to reduce prolactin release; this may be explained by the short sampling duration.…”

Section: Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Blunted Psychotomimetic and Amnestic Effects of Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Frequent Users of Cannabis

D’Souza

Ranganathan

Braley

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

234

202

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Cannabis is one of the most widely used illicit substances and there is growing interest in the association between cannabis use and psychosis. Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (D-9-THC) the principal active ingredient of cannabis has been shown to induce psychotomimetic and amnestic effects in healthy individuals. Whether people who frequently use cannabis are either protected from or are tolerant to these effects of D-9-THC has not been established. In a 3-day, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, the dose-related effects of 0, 2.5, and 5 mg intravenous D-9-THC were studied in 30 frequent users of cannabis and compared to 22 healthy controls. D-9-THC (1) produced transient psychotomimetic effects and perceptual alterations; (2) impaired memory and attention; (3) increased subjective effects of 'high'; (4) produced tachycardia; and (5) increased serum cortisol in both groups. However, relative to controls, frequent users showed blunted responses to the psychotomimetic, perceptual altering, cognitive impairing, anxiogenic, and cortisol increasing effects of D-9-THC but not to its euphoric effects. Frequent users also had lower prolactin levels. These data suggest that frequent users of cannabis are either inherently blunted in their response to, and/or develop tolerance to the psychotomimetic, perceptual altering, amnestic, endocrine, and other effects of cannabinoids.

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Section: Tolerancesupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Blunted Psychotomimetic and Amnestic Effects of Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Frequent Users of Cannabis

D’Souza

Ranganathan

Braley

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

234

202

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“…As previously mentioned, cannabinoid receptors are closely related to neurons in the hypothalamus and GnRH release has been shown to be inhibited in males by AEA and THC through interaction with GABA and other systems [58,[80][81][82]. This reduction in gonadoliberins can cascade to the rest of the HPG axis as to be discussed subsequently (see Table 1).…”

Section: Effect On the Hpg Axismentioning

confidence: 77%

Marijuana, phytocannabinoids, the endocannabinoid system, and male fertility

Plessis

Agarwal

Syriac

2015

J Assist Reprod Genet

126

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Marijuana has the highest consumption rate among all of the illicit drugs used in the USA, and its popularity as both a recreational and medicinal drug is increasing especially among men of reproductive age. Male factor infertility is on the increase, and the exposure to the cannabinoid compounds released by marijuana could be a contributing cause. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is deeply involved in the complex regulation of male reproduction through the endogenous release of endocannabinoids and binding to cannabinoid receptors. Disturbing the delicate balance of the ECS due to marijuana use can negatively impact reproductive potential. Various in vivo and in vitro studies have reported on the empirical role that marijuana plays in disrupting the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, spermatogenesis, and sperm function such as motility, capacitation, and the acrosome reaction. In this review, we highlight the latest evidence regarding the effect of marijuana use on male fertility and also provide a detailed insight into the ECS and its significance in the male reproductive system.

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“…D-9-THC increases ACTH and cortisol levels via CB-1 receptor activation within the paraventricular nuclei, and either directly or indirectly (via other Psychotomimetic effects of intravenous delta-9-THC DC D'Souza et al neurotransmitters) modulates CRH secretion (reviewed in Murphy et al, 1998). D-9-THC produces an early and brief increase followed by a predominantly inhibitory effect on prolactin release (reviewed in Murphy et al, 1998), that is mediated by CB-1R activation of tuberoinfundibular (TIDA) DA neurons. The lack of a significant inhibitory D-9-THC effect of on plasma prolactin in this study may be explained by the brief period of observation.…”

Section: Neurobiology Of the Endocrine Effects Of D-9-thcmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychotomimetic Effects of Intravenous Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Healthy Individuals: Implications for Psychosis

D’Souza

Perry

MacDougall

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

903

678

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Recent advances in the understanding of brain cannabinoid receptor function have renewed interest in the association between cannabinoid compounds and psychosis. In a 3-day, double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced study, the behavioral, cognitive, and endocrine effects of 0, 2.5, and 5 mg intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D-9-THC) were characterized in 22 healthy individuals, who had been exposed to cannabis but had never been diagnosed with a cannabis abuse disorder. Prospective safety data at 1, 3, and 6 months poststudy was also collected. D-9-THC (1) produced schizophrenia-like positive and negative symptoms; (2) altered perception; (3) increased anxiety; (4) produced euphoria; (5) disrupted immediate and delayed word recall, sparing recognition recall; (6) impaired performance on tests of distractibility, verbal fluency, and working memory (7) did not impair orientation; (8) increased plasma cortisol. These data indicate that D-9-THC produces a broad range of transient symptoms, behaviors, and cognitive deficits in healthy individuals that resemble some aspects of endogenous psychoses. These data warrant further study of whether brain cannabinoid receptor function contributes to the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders.

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Function of Cannabinoid Receptors in the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Hormone Secretion

Cited by 162 publications

References 86 publications

Blunted Psychotomimetic and Amnestic Effects of Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Frequent Users of Cannabis

Blunted Psychotomimetic and Amnestic Effects of Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Frequent Users of Cannabis

Marijuana, phytocannabinoids, the endocannabinoid system, and male fertility

The Psychotomimetic Effects of Intravenous Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Healthy Individuals: Implications for Psychosis

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