Functional Adaptation and Remodeling of Arteries to Hemodynamic Forces: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Vascular Renin-Angiotensin System

Fluid shear stress upregulates placental growth factor in the vessel wall via NADPH oxidase 4

“…Nox4, unlike other Nox isoforms, is constitutively active and only requires association with p22phox for its activity; furthermore, it uniquely produces mostly H 2 O 2 , rather than O 2 ·Ϫ (30). Interestingly, Nox4 activity does not result in peroxynitrite production and NO inactivation (49), both of which are linked to the activation of other Nox isoforms in the vasculature (26,55). Rather, endothelial-specific Nox4 overexpression in mice results in increased H 2 O 2 production and vasodilation, along with lower systemic blood pressure (41).…”