Functional Anatomy of Recognition of Chinese Multi-Character Words: Convergent Evidence from Effects of Transposable Nonwords, Lexicality, and Word Frequency

Lin, Nan; Yu, Xianchuan; Zhao, Ying; Zhang, Mingxia

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149583

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Whole-brain contrasts were thresholded at P < 0.005 and corrected for multiple comparisons to P < 0.05 (16 contiguous voxels) using AFNI’s updated 3dClustSim, a spatial clustering operation with 10 000 Monte Carlo simulations on the whole brain echo-planar imaging matrix. A threshold of P < 0.005 was reasoned to be sufficiently conservative given our interest in the regions of overlap identified in the conjunction analyses, and reducing Type II errors as a result ( Lieberman and Cunningham, 2009 ; Lin et al , 2016 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greater involvement of action simulation mechanisms in emotional vs cognitive empathy

Oliver

Vieira

Neufeld

et al. 2018

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Empathy is crucial for successful interpersonal interactions, and it is impaired in many psychiatric and neurological disorders. Action-perception matching, or action simulation mechanisms, has been suggested to facilitate empathy by supporting the simulation of perceived experience in others. However, this remains unclear, and the involvement of the action simulation circuit in cognitive empathy (the ability to adopt another’s perspective) vs emotional empathy (the capacity to share and react affectively to another’s emotional experience) has not been quantitatively compared. Presently, healthy adults completed a classic cognitive empathy task (false belief), an emotional empathy task and an action simulation button-pressing task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Conjunction analyses revealed common recruitment of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), thought to be critical for action-perception matching, during both action simulation and emotional, but not cognitive, empathy. Furthermore, activation was significantly greater in action simulation regions in the left IFG during emotional vs cognitive empathy, and activity in this region was positively correlated with mean feeling ratings during the emotional empathy task. These findings provide evidence for greater involvement of action simulation mechanisms in emotional than cognitive empathy. Thus, the action simulation circuit may be an important target for delineating the pathophysiology of disorders featuring emotional empathy impairments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greater involvement of action simulation mechanisms in emotional vs cognitive empathy

Oliver

Vieira

Neufeld

et al. 2018

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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“…With neural evidence [ 52 , 53 ], this model suggests that the dorsal pathway plays a role in the early selection of features in spatial processing by identifying and selecting relevant regions in space to be passed on the ventral stream or back to early visual areas for more detailed processing [ 49 ]. Recent investigations of the TCE demonstrated the involvement of the left IPL, showing increased activation during the transposition condition [ 27 , 42 ]. In particular, Carreiras et al [ 42 ] reported greater activation in the left IPL for letter strings than for symbol and digit strings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, Carreiras et al [ 42 ] reported greater activation in the left IPL for letter strings than for symbol and digit strings. Expanding their findings into the word level, Lin et al [ 27 ] demonstrated the IPL activation with the transposed nonwords compared to the regular words in Chinese. These findings support the involvement of the dorsal pathway in early visual word recognition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Syllable satisfies the characteristics of being linear which is one of the primary requirements for transposition effect and also includes morphological components in Korean writing system. This syllable transposition effect seems robust phenomenon in other syllabic units based languages such as Chinese character [ 26 , 27 ] and Japanese kana [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The IPL and SPL were involved in the general confusability effects, while the left hemisphere seemed to be more involved in the language-related confusability effect. Lin et al [ 27 ] investigated the brain activation of TCE at the word recognition level with an unprimed LDT. They used Chinese words of two characters and compared transposable nonwords with regular nonwords, and reported the activation of the bilateral IPL for TCE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural correlates of confusability in recognition of morphologically complex Korean words

2021

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When people confuse and reject a non-word that is created by switching two adjacent letters from an actual word, is called the transposition confusability effect (TCE). The TCE is known to occur at the very early stages of visual word recognition with such unit exchange as letters or syllables, but little is known about the brain mechanisms of TCE. In this study, we examined the neural correlates of TCE and the effect of a morpheme boundary placement on TCE. We manipulated the placement of a morpheme boundary by exchanging places of two syllables embedded in Korean morphologically complex words made up of lexical morpheme and grammatical morpheme. In the two experimental conditions, the transposition syllable within-boundary condition (TSW) involved exchanging two syllables within the same morpheme, whereas the across-boundary condition (TSA) involved the exchange of syllables across the stem and grammatical morpheme boundary. During fMRI, participants performed the lexical decision task. Behavioral results revealed that the TCE was found in TSW condition, and the morpheme boundary, which is manipulated in TSA, modulated the TCE. In the fMRI results, TCE induced activation in the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS). The IPS activation was specific to a TCE and its strength of activation was associated with task performance. Furthermore, two functional networks were involved in the TCE: the central executive network and the dorsal attention network. Morpheme boundary modulation suppressed the TCE by recruiting the prefrontal and temporal regions, which are the key regions involved in semantic processing. Our findings propose the role of the dorsal visual pathway in syllable position processing and that its interaction with other higher cognitive systems is modulated by the morphological boundary in the early phases of visual word recognition.

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Temporal dynamics of oscillatory activity during nonlexical language decoding: Evidence from Morse code and magnetoencephalography

Junker,

Schmidt‐Wilcke,

Schnitzler

et al. 2023

Human Brain Mapping

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Understanding encoded languages, such as written script or Morse code, requires nonlexical and lexical processing components that act in a parallel and interactive fashion. Decoding written script—as for example in reading—is typically very fast, making the investigation of the lexical and nonlexical components and their underlying neural mechanisms challenging. In the current study, we aimed to accomplish this problem by using Morse code as a model for language decoding. The decoding of Morse code is slower and thus allows a better and more fine‐grained investigation of the lexical and nonlexical components of language decoding. In the current study, we investigated the impact of various components of nonlexical decoding of Morse code using magnetoencephalography. For this purpose, we reconstructed the time–frequency responses below 40 Hz in brain regions significantly involved in Morse code decoding and word comprehension that were identified in a previous study. Event‐related reduction in beta‐ and alpha‐band power were found in left inferior frontal cortex and angular gyrus, respectively, while event‐related theta‐band power increase was found at frontal midline. These induced oscillations reflect working‐memory encoding, long‐term memory retrieval as well as demanding cognitive control, respectively. In sum, by using Morse code and MEG, we were able to identify a cortical network underlying language decoding in a time‐ and frequency‐resolved manner.

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Functional Anatomy of Recognition of Chinese Multi-Character Words: Convergent Evidence from Effects of Transposable Nonwords, Lexicality, and Word Frequency

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Greater involvement of action simulation mechanisms in emotional vs cognitive empathy

Greater involvement of action simulation mechanisms in emotional vs cognitive empathy

Neural correlates of confusability in recognition of morphologically complex Korean words

Temporal dynamics of oscillatory activity during nonlexical language decoding: Evidence from Morse code and magnetoencephalography

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