Functional anatomy of the lymphatic drainage system of the upper aerodigestive tract and its role in metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma

Werner, Jochen A.; Dünne, Anja A.; Myers, Jeffrey N.

doi:10.1002/hed.10257

Cited by 185 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Included within this triangle are the facial nodes, preand postvascular, which are related to facial artery. Alveolar ridge, lip, and oral vestibule commonly drain to the submental and submandibular nodes (level I) [6,158,162,163].…”

Section: Lymphatic Drainage Of the Oral Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cancer of the hard palate with extension into the maxillary sinus and buccal cancers can drain into the retropharyngeal and periparotid nodes respectively. As multiple cervical nodes become involved with metastasis, spread to the middle jugular nodes (level III) occurs [6,88,158,162,163].…”

Section: Lymphatic Drainage Of the Oral Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of nodes varies from one to five but the highest node lie in contact with the posterior belly of the digastrics muscle and this is referred to as the jugulodigastric node or principle node of Kuttner [127]. Level II lymph nodes have been further subclassified into sublevel IIa and IIb [54,163]. The border of the stylohyoid muscle was used to separate sublevel Ib from sublevel IIa.…”

Section: Level II Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lymph nodes that lie anterior (media) to this plane are defined as occupying level I, whereas those lying posterior (or lateral) to it are defined as occupying level II. In case of nodes which transgress this plane, the determination will be based on whether more than half of the node volume is located medial or lateral to the plane [126,163]. Sublevel IIa contains nodes in the region anterior to the spinal accessory nerve while Sublevel IIb contains nodes in the region posterior to the spinal accessory nerve.…”

Section: Level II Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is bound laterally by the medial borders of the carotid sheaths, superiorly by the hyoid bone, and inferiorly by the suprasternal notch. Level VI receives efferent lymphatics from the thyroid gland, larynx, hypopharynx, and cervical esophagus [127,163]. This level has been described and separated from level III and IV by the lateral border of sternocleidomastoid muscle.…”

Section: Level VI Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials on elective neck dissection versus therapeutic neck dissection in oral cavity cancers with clinically node-negative neck

et al. 2011

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Section: Lymphatic Drainage Of the Oral Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lymphatic Drainage Of the Oral Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Level II Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Level II Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Level VI Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials on elective neck dissection versus therapeutic neck dissection in oral cavity cancers with clinically node-negative neck

et al. 2011

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Significant Invasion of the Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle in Early Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil

Park¹,

Lee²,

Joo³

et al. 2012

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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To determine whether invasion of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle in early squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil is correlated with lymph node metastasis. Design: Retrospective analysis of medical records and pathology specimens. Setting: Tertiary care referral center. Patients: Forty-eight patients who were diagnosed as having T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil and who underwent surgery. They were divided into 2 groups: an invasive group with invasion of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle and a noninvasive group without invasion of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Main Outcome Measures: Comparison of regional metastasis, 5-year locoregional recurrence, and 5-year disease-specific survival between the 2 groups. Results: Invasion of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle was found in 36 patients (75%) with T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil. The rate of lymph node metas

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Use of Combination Proteomic Analysis to Demonstrate Molecular Similarity of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising From Different Subsites

Weinberger

Merkley

Lee

et al. 2009

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinomas arising from various subsites within the head and neck (HNSCC), while histologically identical, have substantial differences in survival and recurrence rates. Controversy exists as to whether this reflects physical differences between subsites or fundamental molecular heterogeneity. In this study, we used two proteomic approaches to evaluate HNSCCs for differences in protein expression between oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx subsites. METHODS A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed consisting of 71 patients with HNSCC. This TMA was queried for expression of 4 cell- cycle and regulatory proteins chosen a priori for their known roles in cancer, using Automated Quantitative Analysis of protein expression (AQUA). Frozen tissue samples from 14 patients with histologically confirmed HNSCC were enriched for tumor and normal tissue by laser capture microdissection. Total protein was extracted, analyzed by 2D-difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) with saturation dye labeling, and evaluated for differential protein expression between subsites. RESULTS AQUA analysis revealed no difference between subsite for cyclin D1, p53, Rb, or p14 expression. The 2D-DIGE study was based on 28 gels (14 cancer, 14 adjacent normal) and 732 spots were identified as matching across >90% of gels. Statistical analysis detected no significant differences in protein expression between subsites. CONCLUSIONS Observed differences in outcomes between HNSCCs from different subsites may not reflect differences in tumor biology between subsites. Rather, it is possible that observed clinical heterogeneity among HNSCCs may be based on other factors, such as viral versus chemical carcinogenesis.

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Functional anatomy of the lymphatic drainage system of the upper aerodigestive tract and its role in metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract: Detailed knowledge of the lymphatic system of the UADT contributes to a better understanding of the patterns of metastatic spread of carcinomas of the UADT and provides a strong rationale for the practice of sentinel node identification in the management of these tumors.

Cited by 185 publications

References 42 publications

A meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials on elective neck dissection versus therapeutic neck dissection in oral cavity cancers with clinically node-negative neck

A meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials on elective neck dissection versus therapeutic neck dissection in oral cavity cancers with clinically node-negative neck

Significant Invasion of the Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle in Early Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil

Use of Combination Proteomic Analysis to Demonstrate Molecular Similarity of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising From Different Subsites

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