Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder Complex

Peat, Malcolm

doi:10.1093/ptj/66.12.1855

Cited by 86 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…There was no difference, however, at the upper arm when comparing limbs. As the main function of the shoulder and elbow (upper arm) are to position the hand in space (Peat, 1986), it may be expected that effects of dominancy would be more readily detected at the lower arm, near the hand. For the patient group, the restrictions in movement as a result of joint pain on the involved side resulted in statistically greater entropy values in the uninvolved lower and upper arm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tri-axial accelerometer analysis techniques for evaluating functional use of the extremities

Hurd

Morrow

Kaufman

2013

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

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Activity monitors provide an objective mechanism for evaluating patient function. It is unclear what similarities or unique information may be yielded using different analyses. Fifteen patients scheduled to undergo shoulder arthroplasty and fifteen matched control subjects wore tri-axial accelerometer activity monitors bilaterally at the lower (wrist) and upper (biceps) arm for 3 days. Measures of central tendency, variance, sample entropy, and asymmetry were calculated. A novel technique to evaluate time distribution of activity intensity was also performed. Within both groups there was a difference in central tendency and variance when comparing dominant and non-dominant limbs for both the lower (Controls: Mean Activity, P < 0.001; Max Activity, P < 0.001; Patients: Mean Activity, P = 0.044; Max Activity, P = 0.009) and upper (Controls: Mean Activity, P < 0.001; Max Activity, P = 0.046; Patients: Mean Activity, P = 0.002; Max Activity, P = 0.049) arm. Within group differences were also present for lower arm entropy in both groups (Controls, P < 0.001; Patients P = 0.041), and at the upper arm for patients (P = 0.003). There were differences between groups for the asymmetry index for both the lower (P = 0.033) and upper arm (P = 0.005), and maximum activity level of the lower arm (P = 0.05). Between group differences were present for time distribution of activity intensity, as the involved upper arm of patients was inactive for a greater time than controls (P = 0.013). These results highlight unique information provided by multiple analysis methods, and include a novel approach of evaluating the distribution of time spent across variable intensity activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tri-axial accelerometer analysis techniques for evaluating functional use of the extremities

Hurd

Morrow

Kaufman

2013

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

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“…The long axis of the scapula lies in a plane that is 30 to 45 degrees anterior to the coronal plane because of the curve of the rib cage [6, 7]. The scapula has several important osseous features, including the acromion, coracoid process, spine [1], and glenoid fossa.…”

Section: Anatomical Description Of the Scapulamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In conjunction with multiple associatedmuscular and ligamentous components, the shoulder complex allows for coordinated movement of the clavicle, humerus, and scapula [6, 7]. …”

Section: Movement Of the Glenohumeral And Scapulothoracic Jointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scapulothoracic Anatomy and Snapping Scapula Syndrome

Frank

Ramírez

Chalmers

et al. 2013

Anatomy Research International

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The scapulothoracic articulation is a sliding junction between the deep aspect of the scapula and thoracic rib cage at the levels of ribs 2 through 7. Motion at this articulation is dynamically stabilized by a variety of muscular attachments, allowing for controlled positioning of the glenoid to assist in glenohumeral joint function. A thorough understanding of the complex anatomic relationships, including the various muscles, and bursa, is critical to the evaluation of patients presenting with scapulothoracic disorders. The snapping scapula syndrome is caused by either osseous lesions or scapulothoracic bursitis and can be difficult to recognize and treat. The purpose of this review is to discuss the anatomy of the scapulothoracic articulation with an emphasis on the pathology associated with snapping scapula syndrome.

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“…The glenohumeral joint allows for roughly two-thirds of the motion of the shoulder due to the humeral head's articulation with the glenoid. 7,8 The glenohumeral joint is frequently described as a ball-and-socket joint, but it is compared with a golf ball on a tee. Due to a large mismatch of a large humeral head centered on a smaller, narrow glenoid, the shoulder relies on several key ligaments and the surrounding rotator cuff muscles for dynamic stabilization.…”

Section: Relevant Shoulder Anatomy and Biomechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Physician's Guide to the Physical Examination of the Shoulder

Babatunde

Kim

Desandis

et al. 2012

The Physician and Sportsmedicine

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Shoulder pain is the third most frequent musculoskeletal complaint presented to physicians. Often considered a benign entity by patients and even their physicians, shoulder disorders can have a devastating effect on a patient's ability to function, as well as serve as an indicator of poor general health. For these reasons, it is important for the physician to be able to identify the etiology of a patient's shoulder problem(s). However, making a correct diagnosis is often difficult because there can be many causes for a patient's shoulder pain, weakness, or loss of function. Moreover, the shoulder girdle is an intricate group of structures that work together to allow for the largest range of motion in the body. This complexity makes it difficult to diagnose a patient's condition(s) based on history alone. A thorough and well-performed physical examination is the key to making a correct diagnosis and helping to distinguish different etiologies of shoulder dysfunction. In this article, we review relevant shoulder anatomy and biomechanics, and general shoulder examinations with special tests for various shoulder pathologies. We provide an effective and methodical approach to the physical examination of the shoulder. The Physician and Sportsmedicine Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by University of Otago on 07/01/15 For personal use only. Babatunde et al 92 disclose no conflicts of interest. William N. Levine, MD discloses a conflict of interest with Zimmer, Inc. The Physician and Sportsmedicine Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by University of Otago on 07/01/15For personal use only.

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Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder Complex

Cited by 86 publications

References 55 publications

Tri-axial accelerometer analysis techniques for evaluating functional use of the extremities

Tri-axial accelerometer analysis techniques for evaluating functional use of the extremities

Scapulothoracic Anatomy and Snapping Scapula Syndrome

A Physician's Guide to the Physical Examination of the Shoulder

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