Functional and biochemical effects on the lung following inhalation of cigarette smoke and constituents. II. Skatole, acrolein, and acetaldehyde

Aerolein and formaldehyde, as well as acetaldehyde, are currently regarded as important toxicants in cigarette smoke. In this study with rats, previously-reported proteetants against acetaldehyde were tested for their effectivity as protectants against aerolein and formaldehyde. As with acetaldehyde, pretreatment with high oral doses of Lascurble acid, L-eysteine, and a combination of these proteetants in reduced amounts with thiamin gave a high degree of protection against lethal doses of acroleln. Survivors after 72 hours were in the 90% range compared to survivors of pretreatcd saline controls in the 5% range. With equlmolar doses of adrenergie-blocking agents, protection against acrolein after 72 hours was greater with an alpha-blocker, e.g. phenoxybenzamine (60% survivors), than with a betablocker, e.g. propranolol (15% survivors). Protection with Laseorbic acid was dose-related and also additive with the adrenergie-bloeking agents. With above protectants, protection against acroleln was as good, if not better, than against acetaldehyde. Protection against formaldehyde after 72 hours was only partial, being highest for L-ascorbie acid (55% survivors) compared to saline controls (5% survivors). Less effective against formaldehyde were L-cysteine (20% survivors) and phenoxybeuzamine (15% survivors). Propranolol gave no protection against formaldehyde. It is speculated that in vivo protection by L-aseorbic acid and Lcysteine could occur directly by detoxifieation of the aldehyde toxicants or indirectly by normalizing the synthesis or release of tissue eateeholamines abnormally altered by the aldehyde toxicants. Further animal experimentation is necessary before any extrapolation of these findings for human use can be considered.

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The effects of acrolein exposure on pulmonary antibacterial defenses

Astry

Jakab

1983

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Functional and biochemical effects on the lung following inhalation of cigarette smoke and constituents. II. Skatole, acrolein, and acetaldehyde

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Acetaldehyde—Its Metabolism and Role in the Actions of Alcohol

Acetaldehyde—Its Metabolism and Role in the Actions of Alcohol

Comparison of Protection byl-ascorbic acid,l-cysteine, and adrenergic-blocking agents against acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde toxicity: Implications in smoking

The effects of acrolein exposure on pulmonary antibacterial defenses

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