Functional and histological effects of intravaginal electrical stimulation on the pelvic muscles: a study in the rat

Wyndaele, Jean‐Jacques; Poortmans, Arianne

doi:10.1007/s00192-005-0001-x

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In this case, the satellite cells associated with the inner face of the muscle fibers are activated and begin to compose the myonuclei that actively restore protein synthesis (Guo et al. ), resulting in cell hypertrophy, as observed in this study and in Wyndaele & Poortmans ().…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

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Electrical stimulation structurally affects the tissues of the rectum and anus of nulliparous rats

et al. 2017

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Considering that the muscles of the anus perform a critical role in maintaining continence, losses in their structure can negatively affect the physiological control of the intestinal contents. Anorectal electro-stimulation (ARES) has been reported to have a positive effect on the functionality of treated patients, but how ARES affects the structural tissues of the anorectal segment remains unknown. Because the study of how ARES structurally affects human tissues is not possible, this study aimed to clarify these effects in a murine model, which has a similar anorectal segment (structure and physiology) to humans. For the descriptive and comparative study, randomly selected nulliparous adult Wistar rats (n = 5) were submitted to 30 anorectal sessions of ARES with a biphasic current (700 μs, 50 Hz from 2 to 4 mA). After treatment, the animals were euthanized, and the anorectal segments were dissected and processed for histopathological analysis. Our results showed that ARES increased the widths of the mucosal, submucosal and muscle layers of the rectum, as well as the number of leukocytes in the mucosa. ARES also caused hyperplasia of the smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter and hypertrophy of the external anal sphincter muscle. In conclusion, our results showed that ARES had not only a positive effect on the structure (morphology) of all tissues associated with the rectum and anus but, more importantly, on the structural gain of the muscles (hyperplasia and hypertrophy), which could point to a functional gain of the anal sphincter, reinforcing the applicability of ARES as a non-invasive treatment for anal incontinence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…For the electro‐stimulation, a rectangular symmetrical biphasic current pulse width of 700 μs, a frequency of 50 Hz and an intensity of 2–4 mA were used until visible contraction could be witnessed by the observer without causing suffering to the animal (Bo et al. ; Wyndaele & Poortmans, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical stimulation structurally affects the tissues of the rectum and anus of nulliparous rats

et al. 2017

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“…Electrotherapy is among the first resources used in physical therapy for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. 5,6,21 Animal studies report stimulating effects of electrostimulation on nervous and vascular supply, in healthy or injured muscle tissue in rats, such as increased capillary density and blood flow, 7,[22][23][24] increased expression of the VEGF gene and protein 9,10,25,25,26 and increased expression of genes and proteins neurotrophins. 12,13,27 However, very little is known about the action of electric F I G U R E 2 Histological analysis of female rat urethral cross-sections: (A) control group; (B) trauma group; (C) electrotherapy group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An intense daily electric current with an intravaginal electrode caused an increase in capillary density in the pubococcygeal and iliococcygeal muscles. 7 In addition, an increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene resulting in neoangiogenesis 8 was observed after electrical stimulation of ischemic skeletal muscles. 9,10 Moreover, the electric current increased the secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF), a marker of neural repair, 11 in cultures of mouse astrocyte cells and rat sciatic nerve Schwann cells, which suggests its potential for neural regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrotherapy for urethral modulation: Are extracellular matrix molecules and growth factors potential targets?

Feitosa

Bortolini

Salerno

et al. 2021

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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Aims: To evaluate the expression of genes and proteins involved in the urethral components: vessels, nerves, and extracellular matrix, in female rats after trauma by vaginal distension (VD) and after electrical stimulation therapy (electrotherapy). Methods: We analyzed the urethras of three groups of 18 female rats 30 days posttrauma by VD: control (no interventions); trauma (animals that had VD); and electrotherapy group (those that had VD and were treated with electrical stimulation). We compared the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), collagen types I and III (COL1a1 and COL3a1), and lysyl-oxidase like 1 (LOXL1) among the groups. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used for molecule quantification. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance for statistical analyses with p < 0.05 for significance.Results: The COL1a1 gene expression was higher in the electrotherapy group than the trauma group (p = 0.036). COL3a1, VEGF, NGF, LOXL1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression did not differ among the groups (p ≥ 0.05). COL1a1, COL3a1, VEGF, NGF, LOXL1 protein levels did not significantly differ among the groups (p ≥ 0.05) in Western blot analysis or immunohistochemistry assays. Conclusions: Electrotherapy caused a long-term increase in the COL1a1 mRNA level but did not change COL1a1 protein expression or VEGF, NGF, COL3a1, and LOXL1 genes and proteins in the urethras of rats after trauma by VD.

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“…Muscle denervation eventually results in a loss of neural‐derived neuregulin which shifts the balance of protein synthesis and degradation toward net protein breakdown (Argadine et al, ) and a decrease in myosin heavy chain 2B‐expressing fiber types in fast‐twitch muscles (Sieck and Zhan, ). The Pcm is considered a fast‐twitch muscle as approximately 84% of its fibers are either type 2A or 2B (Wyndaele and Poortmans, ). The progressive atrophy in Pcm fibers induced by the loss of gonadal hormones after castration is clearly exacerbated as a consequence of the short‐term denervation used in the present study (Carlson, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Treatment Effects on the Cross‐sectional Area of Pubococcygeus Muscle Fibers After Denervation and Castration in Male Rats

Lara-García

Alvarado

Cuevas

et al. 2017

The Anatomical Record

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We explore the interaction of muscle innervation and gonadal hormone action in the pubococcygeus muscle (Pcm) after castration and hormone replacement. Male Wistar rats were castrated and the Pcm was unilaterally denervated; after 2 or 6 weeks, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of Pcm fibers was assessed. Additional groups of castrated rats were used to examine the effects of hormone replacement. At 2 weeks post surgeries, rats were implanted with Silastic capsules containing either dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol benzoate (EB) or both hormones, and the CSA of Pcm fibers was assessed after 4 weeks of hormone treatment. At 2 weeks post surgeries, gonadectomy without hormone replacement resulted in reductions in the CSA of Pcm fibers, and denervation combined with castration increased the magnitude of this effect; further reductions in CSA were present at 6 weeks post surgeries, but again denervation combined with castration increased the magnitude of this effect. Hormone replacement with DHT resulted in hypertrophy in the CSA of nondenervated muscles compared to those of intact normal males, but this effect was attenuated in denervated muscles. Hormone replacement with EB treatment prevented further castration-induced reductions in CSA of nondenervated muscles, but denervation prevented this effect. Similar to that seen with treatment with EB alone, combined treatment with both DHT and EB prevented further reductions in CSA of Pcm fibers in nondenervated muscles, but again denervation attenuated this effect. Thus, while hormone replacement can reverse or prevent further castration-induced atrophy of Pcm fibers, these effects are dependent on muscle innervation. Anat Rec, 300:1327-1335, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Functional and histological effects of intravaginal electrical stimulation on the pelvic muscles: a study in the rat

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Electrical stimulation structurally affects the tissues of the rectum and anus of nulliparous rats

Electrical stimulation structurally affects the tissues of the rectum and anus of nulliparous rats

Electrotherapy for urethral modulation: Are extracellular matrix molecules and growth factors potential targets?

Hormonal Treatment Effects on the Cross‐sectional Area of Pubococcygeus Muscle Fibers After Denervation and Castration in Male Rats

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