Functional and metabolic characterization of hemocytes of the green mussel, Perna viridis: in vitro impacts of temperature

Morphological characterization and functional immune response of the carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) haemocytes after bacterial stimulation

“…The identification of the two main subpopulations (granulocytes and hyalinocytes) has been described in numerous bivalves [8,9,14e17]. Granulocytes are the main immune-related subpopulation, with higher phagocytic ability and ROS production than hyalinocytes [69,70]. Moreover, granulocytes are related to encapsulation process.…”

Gender Differences and Short-Term Exposure to Mechanical, Thermic, and Mechanical—Thermic Stress Conditions on Hemocyte Functional Characteristics andHSP70 Gene Expression in OysterCrassostrea corteziensis(Hertlein, 1951)

“…experimental conditions, but also in wild populations (for review see Anisimova 2013). Also it has been reported that hemocyte counts are particularly affected in bivalve molluscs exposed to mechanical stress conditions (Lacoste et al 2002, Malagoli et al 2007, Bussell et al 2008, Donaghy & Volety 2011, Wang et al 2011.…”

“…Some particular environmental factors, as mechanical manipulation and exposure of bivalve molluscs to thermic, osmotic, and hypoxic stress conditions, have been evaluated on morphometric (i.e., total and differential hemocytes counts and size) and functional (i.e., viability, phagocytosis, and oxidative capacity) hemocyte characteristics, the high variability in the immune response suggests that the effect is species specific, and also depends on the intensity and time exerted of a specific stressor (e.g., temperature, osmotic, air exposure, mechanical manipulation) and whether a recovery time is allowed before analyzing a specific effect on the immune response (Lacoste et al 2002, Malagoli et al 2007, Bussell et al 2008, Donaghy & Volety 2011, Wang et al 2011. Despite environmental stress is induced for several factors (i.e., temperature, salinity, pH, oxygen, etc.…”

Cell tracking and velocimetric parameters analysis as an approach to assess activity of mussel (Mytilus edulis) hemocytes in vitro

“…To control host-pathogen interactions and to respond immediately to invaders, mussels as others invertebrates, rely on innate immunity. Hemocytes found in hemolymph and infiltrating tissues, constitute a heterogeneous population of immune cells actively specialized in pleiotropic defences against pathogens (Carballal et al 1997;Donaghy and Volety 2011;Le Foll et al 2010). During the inflammatory response, activated hemocytes execute several major functions of cell-mediated innate immunity, including cytotoxic production of oxygen (Costa et al 2009;Winston et al 1996) or nitrogen species (Novas et al 2007), increased production of lysozymes ) and phagocytosis (Carballal et al 1997;Garcia-Garcia et al 2008;Le Foll et al 2010;Malagoli et al 2007).…”

“…In particular, whereas different types of hemocytes have been described so far (Cajaraville and Pal 1995;Friebel and Renwrantz 1995;Hine 1999;Le Foll et al 2010;Parisi et al 2008;Donaghy and Volety 2011), the origin, the role and the activation steps of hemocyte subpopulations are unknown. Furthermore, except for phagocytosis (GarciaGarcia et al 2008;Le Foll et al 2010;Voccia et al 1994), consensual protocols quantifying hemocyte activity or functional markers of inflammatory states are still lacking.…”