Functional and Structural MRI Studies on Impulsiveness: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorders

Archer, Trevor; Bright, Peter

doi:10.5772/22915

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…Neurobiological abnormalities involving genetic, neuroanatomical, psychopharmacological, neuropsychological, and structural and functional imaging observations point to the involvement of several brain networks in ADHD Neurotox Res (2012) 21:195-209 201 (Archer, 2011;Dibbets et al 2010;Schneider et al 2010). fMRI studies show functional disruptions in the ventral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, right parietal area, basal ganglia, insula amygdala, hippocampus, and ventral striatum of ADHD children and adults, as well as in animal models of the disorder (Bussey et al 1997;Ernst et al 2003;Krause et al 2003;Silk et al 2005Silk et al , 2009aVance et al 2007).…”

Section: Physical Exercise and Brain Abnormality In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A central domain concerning ADHD is based upon problems involving impulse control (Archer 2011). Developmental trajectories of impulsive behavior and the damaging effects of earlylife trauma on brain development bear essential outcome-expectancies for the eventual understanding and management of the disorder etiopathogenesis.…”

Section: Adhd Developmental Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A three-factor structure of adult symptoms included executive functioning, inattention/ hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. The authors observed that stepwise logistic regression indicated executive functioning problems to be the most consistent and discriminating predictors of adult DSM-IV/ACDS ADHD (see also Archer 2011). From the medical history of 237 children (206 male; 31 female) born between 1986 and 1996, Gustafsson and Källén (2011) using multiple logistic regression analysis, found that ADHD was linked significantly with a young maternal age, maternal smoking, maternal birthplace in Sweden, and preterm birth of less than 32 weeks and male child predominance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Physical Exercise Alleviates ADHD Symptoms: Regional Deficits and Development Trajectory

Archer

Kostrzewa

2011

Neurotox Res

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The heterogeneous, chronic, and proliferating aspect of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbidities covers heritability, cognitive, emotional, motor, and everyday behavioral domains that place individuals presenting the condition at some considerable disadvantage. Disruption of "typical developmental trajectories" in the manifestation of gene-environment interactive predispositions implies that ADHD children and adolescents may continue to perform at defective levels as adults with regard to academic achievement, occupational enterprises, and interpersonal relationships, despite the promise of pharmacotherapeutic treatments. Physical exercise provides a plethora of beneficial effects against stress, anxiety, depression, negative affect and behavior, poor impulse control, and compulsive behavior concomitant with improved executive functioning, working memory and positive affect, as well as improved conditions for relatives and care-givers. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, an essential element in normal brain development that promotes health-associated behaviors and quality-of-life, though reduced in ADHD, is increased markedly by the intervention of regular physical exercise. Functional, regional, and biomarker deficits, as well as hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal disruptions, have been improved through regular and carefully applied exercise programs. In view of the complications involving ADHD with co-morbidities, such as obesity, the influence of regular physical exercise has not been found negligible. Physical exercise bestows a propensity for eventual manifestation of "redifferentiated" developmental trajectories that may equip ADHD adults with a prognosis that is more adaptive functionally, independent of the applications of other therapeutic agents and treatments.

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Section: Physical Exercise and Brain Abnormality In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adhd Developmental Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Physical Exercise Alleviates ADHD Symptoms: Regional Deficits and Development Trajectory

Archer

Kostrzewa

2011

Neurotox Res

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“…The association of serotonin-influencing genes with impulsivity symptoms of ADHD has received some support [167–172], but yet several investigations have failed to obtain any links [173–175]. Impulsiveness, a heterogenous endophenotype [176] and cardinal symptom of ADHD [177], is expressed in a multitude of neuropsychiatric disorders and comorbidities [178–182]. The serotonin HTR1A gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 5 (6q11.2–13) with the functional C(−1019) G polymorphism (rs6295) a common SNP in the promoter region of the gene [183].…”

Section: Neurotransmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics in Developmental Disorder: ADHD and Endophenotypes

Archer

Oscar‐Berman²,

Blum³

2011

J Genet Syndr Gene Ther

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Heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with complex interactive operations of genetic and environmental factors, is expressed in a variety of disorder manifestations: severity, co-morbidities of symptoms, and the effects of genes on phenotypes. Neurodevelopmental influences of genomic imprinting have set the stage for the structuralphysiological variations that modulate the cognitive, affective, and pathophysiological domains of ADHD. The relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors provide rapidly proliferating insights into the developmental trajectory of the condition, both structurally and functionally. Parent-of-origin effects seem to support the notion that genetic risks for disease process debut often interact with the social environment, i.e., the parental environment in infants and young children. The notion of endophenotypes, markers of an underlying liability to the disorder, may facilitate detection of genetic risks relative to a complex clinical disorder. Simple genetic association has proven insufficient to explain the spectrum of ADHD. At a primary level of analysis, the consideration of epigenetic regulation of brain signalling mechanisms, dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline is examined. Neurotrophic factors that participate in the neurogenesis, survival, and functional maintenance of brain systems, are involved in neuroplasticity alterations underlying brain disorders, and are implicated in the genetic predisposition to ADHD, but not obviously, nor in a simple or straightforward fashion. In the context of intervention, genetic linkage studies of ADHD pharmacological intervention have demonstrated that associations have fitted the "drug response phenotype," rather than the disorder diagnosis. Despite conflicting evidence for the existence, or not, of genetic associations between disorder diagnosis and genes regulating the structure and function of neurotransmitters and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), associations between symptoms-profiles endophenotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms appear reassuring.

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“…Here, distractiveness may be interpreted as an example of avoidance and externalizing behaviour in a stressful situation (Lahey et al, 2004), reducing school performance but elevating risk of helplessness. Amotivation, another form of avoidance, predicted impulsiveness in several different studies (Archer & Bright, 2012;Archer, Oscar-Berman, Blum, & Gold, 2012;Palomo et al, 2008). Distractiveness, although possibly moderated by stress, presents a generalized condition prevalent in adolescence (Crews & Boettiger, 2009;Lahey et al, 2004;Steinberg, Albert, Cauffman, Banich, Graham, & Woolard, 2008).…”

Section: Predisposing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive Expression and Anti-Depressive Protection in Adolescence: Stress, Positive Affect, Motivation and Self-Efficacy

Lindahl¹,

Archer²

2013

PSYCH

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Functional and Structural MRI Studies on Impulsiveness: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorders

Cited by 3 publications

References 226 publications

Physical Exercise Alleviates ADHD Symptoms: Regional Deficits and Development Trajectory

Physical Exercise Alleviates ADHD Symptoms: Regional Deficits and Development Trajectory

Epigenetics in Developmental Disorder: ADHD and Endophenotypes

Depressive Expression and Anti-Depressive Protection in Adolescence: Stress, Positive Affect, Motivation and Self-Efficacy

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