Functional assessment in the rat by ground reaction forces

Howard, Craig; Blakeney, Derek C.; Medige, John; Moy, Owen J.; Peimer, Clayton A.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00023-3

Cited by 45 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…3,4 The EPT measures the force mainly generated by the gastrocnemius-soleus muscles and is similar to the peak vertical force parameter obtained by the study of the ground reaction forces during locomotion. 37,52 In accordance to another study previously published by our group, 4 Temporal parameters measured in terms of angular velocity: IC, initial contact; OT, opposite toe-off; HR, heel-rise; TO, toe-off. Results are presented as mean and standard error of the mean (SEM).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Neural cell transplantation effects on sciatic nerve regeneration after a standardized crush injury in the rat

et al. 2008

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The goal of the present study was to assess whether in vitro-differentiated N1E-115 cells supported by a collagen membrane would enhance rat sciatic nerve regeneration after a crush injury. To set up an appropriate experimental model for investigating the effects of neural cell transplantation, we have recently described the sequence of functional and morphologic changes occurring after a standardized sciatic nerve crush injury with a nonserrated clamp. Functional recovery was evaluated using the sciatic functional index, the static sciatic index, the extensor postural thrust, the withdrawal reflex latency, and ankle kinematics. In addition, histomorphometric analysis was carried out on regenerated nerve fibers by means of the 2D-disector method. Based on the results of the EPT and of some of the ankle locomotor kinematic parameters analyzed, the hypothesis that N1E-115 cells may enhance nerve regeneration is partially supported although histomorphometry disclosed no significant difference in nerve fiber regeneration between the different experimental groups. Therefore, results suggest that enrichment of equine type III collagen membrane with the N1E-115 cellular system in the rat sciatic nerve crush model may support recovery, at least in terms of motor function. The discrepancy between functional and morphological results also suggests that the combined use of functional and morphological analysis should be recommended for an overall assessment of recovery in nerve regeneration studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Neural cell transplantation effects on sciatic nerve regeneration after a standardized crush injury in the rat

et al. 2008

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“…Unfortunately, for rats and mice only ground reaction forces are available. 39,40 It can be argued that the differences in joint position in mice most likely result in a difference in mechanical loading on the bone. However, to our knowledge there is yet no evidence of this.…”

Section: Remodeling Of Fracture Callus In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Remodeling of fracture callus in mice is consistent with mechanical loading and bone remodeling theory

Isaksson

Gröngröft

Wilson

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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During the remodeling phase of fracture healing in mice, the callus gradually transforms into a double cortex, which thereafter merges into one cortex. In large animals, a double cortex normally does not form. We investigated whether these patterns of remodeling of the fracture callus in mice can be explained by mechanical loading. Morphologies of fractures after 21, 28, and 42 days of healing were determined from an in vivo mid-diaphyseal femoral osteotomy healing experiment in mice. Bone density distributions from microCT at 21 days were converted into adaptive finite element models. To assess the effect of loading mode on bone remodeling, a well-established remodeling algorithm was used to examine the effect of axial force or bending moment on bone structure. All simulations predicted that under axial loading, the callus remodeled to form a single cortex. When a bending moment was applied, dual concentric cortices developed in all simulations, corresponding well to the progression of remodeling observed experimentally and resulting in quantitatively comparable callus areas of woven and lamellar bone. Effects of biological differences between species or other reasons cannot be excluded, but this study demonstrates how a difference in loading mode could explain the differences between the remodeling phase in small rodents and larger mammals.

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“…Indeed, the force numerical value generated by EPT resembles the peak vertical force parameter, obtained by the use of sophisticated force plates to study the plantarflexor muscles performance in rat kinetics. 50,51 Two weeks after transection of the sciatic nerve, complete loss of motor function was observed, as depicted by corresponding functional deficits for EPT near 100%. From weeks 8À12, the rats receiving a piece of fresh muscle inside the nerve guides demonstrated better motor performance compared with nerve guides filled with PBS only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Functional assessment of sciatic nerve recovery: biodegradable poly (DLLA‐ϵ‐CL) nerve guide filled with fresh skeletal muscle

Varejão

Cabrita²,

Geuna

et al. 2003

Microsurgery

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The aim of this study was to compare functional peripheral nerve recovery in the rat sciatic nerve model after reconstruction of a 10-mm gap with a biodegradable poly (DLLA-epsilon-CL) nerve guide, as filled with either fresh skeletal muscle or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). During 24 weeks of recovery, motor and sensory functional evaluation was tested by extensor postural thrust (EPT) and withdrawal reflex latency (WRL), respectively. At the end of the experiment, anesthetized animals were prepared for motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) studies, followed by gastrocnemius and soleus muscle weight measurement. Motor functional recovery was greater in the muscle-grafted group, and reached a significant difference from weeks 8-12 (P < 0.05). The results of this investigation suggest that filling a nerve guide with fresh skeletal muscle induces faster maturation of regenerated nerve fibers in comparison with traditional tubular repair.

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Functional assessment in the rat by ground reaction forces

Cited by 45 publications

References 17 publications

Neural cell transplantation effects on sciatic nerve regeneration after a standardized crush injury in the rat

Neural cell transplantation effects on sciatic nerve regeneration after a standardized crush injury in the rat

Remodeling of fracture callus in mice is consistent with mechanical loading and bone remodeling theory

Functional assessment of sciatic nerve recovery: biodegradable poly (DLLA‐ϵ‐CL) nerve guide filled with fresh skeletal muscle

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