Functional asymmetry in the lower limbs

Singh, Inderbir

doi:10.1159/000143535

Cited by 98 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…Able-bodied gait has been found to be asymmetric, which may be the result of different contributions of the lower limbs in carrying out tasks (Sadeghi, Allard, Prince, & Labelle, 2000). However, Singh (1970) concluded that that no distinct correlation between leg dominance and handedness could be made in his observation of lower extremity asymmetries. Not surprising then is the research conducted by Simon & Ferris (2008) which revealed that limb asymmetry was related to neural factors, not differences in mechanical capabilities of the lower limbs.…”

Section: Neural/controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fatigue on Bilateral Ground Reaction Force Asymmetries during the Squat Exercise

Hodges

Patrick

Reiser

2011

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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OF THESIS EFFECTS OF FATIGUE ON BILATERAL GROUND REACTION FORCE ASYMMETRIES DURING THE SQUAT EXERCISEPhysical performance and risk for injury have been related to functional asymmetries of the lower extremity. The squat exercise is an important, functional movement serving as the major multi-joint, closed-chain lower extremity exercise in many strength and conditioning programs, as well as a large component in rehabilitation.Examinations of asymmetries during the squat exercise have revealed bilateral differences in the net joint torques, indicating unequal actions between the lower extremities. To date, no study has examined how fatigue affects these asymmetries. PURPOSE:The goal of this investigation was to examine functional bilateral asymmetries of the lower extremities during the squat exercise, exploring how they may change during the course of an individual set, as well as across multiple sets with fatigue.Based on a review of literature related to the effects of fatigue on functional asymmetries, it was hypothesized that asymmetries would increase with fatigue. METHODS:Seventeen recreationally trained men (n=9) and women (n=8) (mean ± SD age: 22.3 ± 2.5 yrs; height 170 ± 9.3 cm; mass 73.4 ± 13.8 kg) performed five sets of eight repetitions with 90% of their predetermined eight-repetition maximum (8RM 113 ± 35 % of their body mass). Anthropometric measurements and vertical ground reaction force (GRFv) data were collected. GRFv asymmetries were calculated by subtracting the % load on the iv right foot from that of the left foot. Initially highly symmetric subjects (± 1.7%) were removed from the analyses. The first two (R1&2) and last two (R7&8) repetitions of each set were examined. Eight subjects were reassessed for repeatability measures. RESULTS:R7&8 took longer to complete than R1&2 within a single set (p<0.001), however this finding was not observed across sets (p=0.867). The average asymmetry level across all sets for the absolute average was 4.3 ± 2.5% and 3.6 ± 2.3% for R1&2 and R7&8, respectively. There was no difference in whole group analysis (n=17) for any of the GRFv asymmetry analyses. Initially symmetric subjects were removed for the following analyses. For absolute peak instantaneous forces, the average asymmetry level across all sets was 3.8 ± 2.3% and 3.2 ± 2.3% for R1&2 and R7&8, respectively. Within a set, based on absolute asymmetry, levels of asymmetry dropped from beginning to end of a set (p=0.044). Exploring general shifts towards the left or right leg revealed a significant difference in peak instantaneous asymmetry with subjects becoming more symmetric with fatigue during the course of a single set (p=0.042). Of those who placed more weight on their right side at the beginning of a set, based on average asymmetry, a significant movement towards symmetry was seen for repetitions within a single set (p=0.036). Anthropometrics (segment lengths and circumferences) were generally not highly correlated to the asymmetries. Anthropometric measures were highly repeatable (Cronbac...

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Section: Neural/controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fatigue on Bilateral Ground Reaction Force Asymmetries during the Squat Exercise

Hodges

Patrick

Reiser

2011

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…6 Given that the mean angle of shoulder slope was largest within the black ethnic group (13.81±3.81º), there were negligible differences in the mean value when compared to the white ethnic group. This may be accounted for by the small number of black individuals represented within the sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Introduction of the angle of shoulder slope in a South African population

Naidoo¹,

Lazarus²,

Tongel³

et al. 2017

SA orthop. j.

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Background: The angle of shoulder slope has been reported in accordance with the specific occupational activities of the aviation and textile industries. However, as no accurate definition nor standardised anatomical landmarks exist within the medical field, this study aimed to devise an appropriate definition with preplaced reference landmarks. In addition, the vertebral level of the acromial tip was also determined.

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“…In the previous study, Singh [44] and Chhibber and Singh [45] have suggested that the left lower limb is more used than the right lower limb irrespective to right-handed and left-handed persons. It can give opportunity to enlarge the bones of the dominant foot and therefore produces larger dimensions of a footprint.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stature Estimation from Footprint: A Study on Central Indian Population

Shukla¹,

Lodha²,

Das³

2017

Eur J Forensic Sci

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Introduction: Personal identification is preliminary concern of medico-legal and forensic investigation. There are various methods including Anthropometry, Fingerprints, foot imprint, bite mark, lip print, ear print by the help of which personal identification can be performed. In India, the bare foot imprints are frequently recovered at the crime scene and stature of a person can be estimated using foot imprint method, so analysis of bare foot imprints are often a necessity for forensic investigation. Materials and Methods: In this study, we made an attempt to reconstruct the stature using foot imprints (footprint and foot outline) method. The 200 samples of male and female age ranges from 18 to 30 years were collected from urban area of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. Footprint and outline methods were employed in this study, to correlate the size (length) of foot-imprints with the stature (height) A Ad dd dr re es ss s f fo or r c co or rr re es sp po on nd de en nc ce e: :

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Functional asymmetry in the lower limbs

Cited by 98 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Fatigue on Bilateral Ground Reaction Force Asymmetries during the Squat Exercise

Effects of Fatigue on Bilateral Ground Reaction Force Asymmetries during the Squat Exercise

Introduction of the angle of shoulder slope in a South African population

Stature Estimation from Footprint: A Study on Central Indian Population

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