“…With the increasing of environmental pollution and an energy crisis, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), as the product of inexhaustible natural biological materials, have attracted more and more interest recently due to their biodegradability and high performance . Attributed to their nature of high crystallinity and special structures, CNFs exhibit excellent mechanical properties, which makes them possible to be used as reinforcing agents in composites without significantly weakening other properties of the matrix materials. , The ample reactive hydroxyl groups within CNFs can be used for surface chemical modification, which thus provides a valuable platform for more applied research, including sewage purification, , filtration, oil–water separation, , and catalysis . Additionally, owing to their low toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and good mechanical properties, cellulose nanofibrils, as natural materials, have broad application prospects in biological materials. − …”