Functional Characterization of AP2/ERF Transcription Factors during Flower Development and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Related Candidate Genes in Lycoris

Wang, Zhong; Song, Guowei; Zhang, Fengjiao; Shu, Xiaochun; Wang, Ning

doi:10.3390/ijms241914464

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 87 publications

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“…The main pigment in the red petal phenotype of Camellia japonica is cyanidin-3-O-(6 -O-malonyl) glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-Oglucoside contribute to its deep coloration [7]. In lycoris, the major anthocyanin aglycone is pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside-5-O-arabinoside in the red petals [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Analysis of Transcriptome and Targeted Metabolites Identifies Key Genes Involved in Iris germanica Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

Zhao,

Wu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway is the main pathway regulating floral coloration in Iris germanica, a well-known ornamental plant. We investigated the transcriptome profiles and targeted metabolites to elucidate the relationship between genes and metabolites in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the bitone flower cultivar ‘Clarence’, which has a deep blue outer perianth and nearly white inner perianth. In this study, delphinidin-, pelargonidin-, and cyanidin-based anthocyanins were detected in the flowers. The content of delphinidin-based anthocyanins increased with the development of the flower. At full bloom (stage 3), delphinidin-based anthocyanins accounted for most of the total anthocyanin metabolites, whereas the content of pelargonidin- and cyanidin-based anthocyanins was relatively low. Based on functional annotations, a number of novel genes in the anthocyanin pathway were identified, which included early biosynthetic genes IgCHS, IgCHI, and IgF3H and late biosynthetic genes Ig F3′5′H, IgANS, and IgDFR. The expression of key structural genes encoding enzymes, such as IgF3H, Ig F3′5′H, IgANS, and IgDFR, was significantly upregulated in the outer perianth compared to the inner perianth. In addition, most structural genes exhibited their highest expression at the half-color stage rather than at the full-bloom stage, which indicates that these genes function ahead of anthocyanins synthesis. Moreover, transcription factors (TFs) of plant R2R3-myeloblastosis (R2R3-MYB) related to the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified. Among 56 R2R3-MYB genes, 2 members belonged to subgroup 4, with them regulating the expression of late biosynthetic genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, and 4 members belonged to subgroup 7, with them regulating the expression of early biosynthetic genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was used to validate the data of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The relative expression profiles of most candidate genes were consistent with the FPKM of RNA-seq. This study identified the key structural genes encoding enzymes and TFs that affect anthocyanin biosynthesis, which provides a basis and reference for the regulation of plant anthocyanin biosynthesis in I. germanica.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Analysis of Transcriptome and Targeted Metabolites Identifies Key Genes Involved in Iris germanica Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

Zhao,

Wu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Navigating Amaryllidaceae alkaloids: bridging gaps and charting biosynthetic territories

Liyanage,

Awwad,

Gonçalves dos Santos

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Amaryllidaceae alkaloid (AAs) biosynthesis has garnered significant attention in recent years, particularly with the commercialisation of galanthamine as a treatment for the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. A significant amount of research work over the last 8 decades has focused on the understanding of AA biosynthesis, starting from early radiolabelling studies to recent multi-omics analysis with modern biotechnological advancements. Those studies enabled the identification of hundreds of metabolites, the characterisation of biochemical pathway, an understanding of the environmental stimuli, and of the molecular regulation of these pharmaceutically and agriculturally important metabolites. Despite the numerous works there remain significant gaps in understanding their biosynthesis in Amaryllidaceae plants. As such, further research is needed to fully elucidate the metabolic pathway and facilitate their production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overall summary of the current state of knowledge on AAs biosynthesis, from elicitation of transcription factors expression in the cell nucleus to alkaloid transport in the apoplast, and to highlight the challenges that need to be overcome for further advancement.

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Analysis of the Aging-Related AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Gene Family in Osmanthus fragrans

Chen,

Shao,

Zhou

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Ethylene-Responsive Factor (ERF) is a key element found in the middle and lower reaches of the ethylene signal transduction pathway. It is widely distributed in plants and plays important roles in plant growth and development, hormone signal transduction, and various stress processes. Although there is research on AP/ERF family members, research on AP2/ERF in Osmanthus fragrans is lacking. Thus, in this work, AP2/ERF in O. fragrans was extensively and comprehensively analyzed. A total of 298 genes encoding OfAP2/ERF proteins with complete AP2/ERF domains were identified. Based on the number of AP2/ERF domains and the similarity among amino acid sequences between AP2/ERF proteins from A. thaliana and O. fragrans, the 298 putative OfAP2/ERF proteins were divided into four different families, including AP2 (45), ERF (247), RAV (5), and SOLOIST (1). In addition, the exon–intron structure characteristics of these putative OfAP2/ERF genes and the conserved protein motifs of their encoded OfAP2/ERF proteins were analyzed, and the results were found to be consistent with those of the population classification. A tissue-specific analysis showed the spatiotemporal expression of OfAP2/ERF in the stems and leaves of O. fragrans at different developmental stages. Specifically, 21 genes were not expressed in any tissue, while high levels of expression were found for 25 OfAP2/ERF genes in several tissues, 60 genes in the roots, 34 genes in the stems, 37 genes in young leaves, 34 genes in old leaves, 32 genes in the early flowering stage, 18 genes in the full flowering stage, and 37 genes in the late flowering stage. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments showed that OfERF110a and OfERF110b had the highest expression levels at the full-bloom stage (S4), and this gradually decreased with the senescence of petals. The expression of OfERF119c decreased first and then increased, while the expression levels of OfERF4c and OfERF5a increased constantly. This indicated that these genes may play roles in flower senescence and the ethylene response. In the subsequent subcellular localization experiments, we found that ERF1-4 was localized in the nucleus, indicating that it was expressed in the nucleus. In yeast self-activation experiments, we found that OfERF112, OfERF228, and OfERF23 had self-activation activity. Overall, these results suggest that OfERFs may have the function of regulating petal senescence in O. fragrans.

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Functional Characterization of AP2/ERF Transcription Factors during Flower Development and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Related Candidate Genes in Lycoris

Cited by 3 publications

References 87 publications

Association Analysis of Transcriptome and Targeted Metabolites Identifies Key Genes Involved in Iris germanica Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

Association Analysis of Transcriptome and Targeted Metabolites Identifies Key Genes Involved in Iris germanica Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

Navigating Amaryllidaceae alkaloids: bridging gaps and charting biosynthetic territories

Analysis of the Aging-Related AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Gene Family in Osmanthus fragrans

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