Functional characterization of electron-transferring flavoprotein and its dehydrogenase required for fungal development and plant infection by the rice blast fungus

Li, Ya; Zhu, Jindong; Hu, Jiexiong; Meng, Xiuli; Zhang, Qi; Zhu, Kun-peng; Chen, Xiaomin; Chen, Xuehang; Li, Guangpu; Wang, Zonghua; Lu, Guodong

doi:10.1038/srep24911

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…a,b). To further confirm whether the FgSnx41‐GFP‐labeled vesicles are EEs, we co‐expressed FgSnx41‐GFP or FgSnx41‐RFP with several cellular organelle markers in F. graminearum cells, including the early endosomal marker mCherry‐FgRab52 (Zheng H. et al ., ; Zheng W. et al ., ), late endosomal marker GFP‐FgRab7 (Zheng H. et al ., ; Zheng W. et al ., ), trans‐Golgi network marker FgKex2‐mCherry (Zheng et al ., ), peroxisome marker FgPex14‐RFP (Li et al ., ) and mitochondrial marker FgAtp1‐RFP (Li et al ., ). In the resulting transformants, FgSnx41‐GFP co‐localized with the early endosomal marker, mCherry‐FgRab52, but not with the other organelle‐specific markers (Figs c,d, S5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The endosomal recycling of FgSnc1 by FgSnx41–FgSnx4 heterodimer is essential for polarized growth and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Endosomal sorting machineries regulate the transport of their cargoes among intracellular compartments. However, the molecular nature of such intracellular trafficking processes in pathogenic fungal development and pathogenicity remains unclear. Here, we dissect the roles and molecular mechanisms of two sorting nexin proteins and their cargoes in endosomal recycling in Fusarium graminearum using high-resolution microscopy and high-throughput co-immunoprecipitation strategies. We show that the sorting nexins, FgSnx41 and FgSnx4, interact with each other and assemble into a functionally interdependent heterodimer through their respective BAR domains. Further analyses demonstrate that the dimer localizes to the early endosomal membrane and coordinates endosomal sorting. The small GTPase FgRab5 regulates the correct localization of FgSnx41-FgSnx4 and is consequently required for its trafficking function. The protein FgSnc1 is a cargo of FgSnx41-FgSnx4 and regulates the fusion of secreted vesicles with the fungal growing apex and plasma membrane. In the absence of FgSnx41 or FgSnx4, FgSnc1 is mis-sorted and degraded in the vacuole, and null deletion of either component causes defects in the fungal polarized growth and virulence. Overall, for the first time, our results reveal the mechanism of FgSnc1 endosomal recycling by FgSnx41-FgSnx4 heterodimer which is essential for polarized growth and pathogenicity in F. graminearum.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The endosomal recycling of FgSnc1 by FgSnx41–FgSnx4 heterodimer is essential for polarized growth and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…S8). Previous studies have shown that apart from lipid vesicles, other types of spherical vesicles exist within appressoria and that Nile red does not stain all vesicles (Thines et al ., ; Liu et al ., ; Li et al ., ; Wang et al ., ). Remarkably, we did not observe notable differences between the mutants and the WT regarding size and number of Nile red‐stained lipid vesicles suggesting that lipid reserves in appressoria were similar and distinct degradation rates were unlikely to cause the block in penetration in Δ clu5a mutants (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two genes in a pathogenicity gene cluster encoding secreted proteins are required for appressorial penetration and infection of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola

Eisermann

Weihmann

Krijger

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary To avoid pathogen‐associated molecular pattern recognition, the hemibiotrophic maize pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola secretes proteins mediating the establishment of biotrophy. Targeted deletion of 26 individual candidate genes and seven gene clusters comprising 32 genes of C. graminicola identified a pathogenicity cluster (CLU5) of five co‐linear genes, all of which, with the exception of CLU5b, encode secreted proteins. Targeted deletion of all genes of CLU5 revealed that CLU5a and CLU5d are required for full appressorial penetration competence, with virulence deficiencies independent of the host genotype and organ inoculated. Cytorrhysis experiments and microscopy showed that Δclu5a mutants form pressurized appressoria, but they are hampered in forming penetration pores and fail to differentiate a penetration peg. Whereas Δclu5d mutants elicited WT‐like papillae, albeit at increased frequencies, papillae induced by Δclu5a mutants were much smaller than those elicited by the WT. Synteny of CLU5 is not only conserved in Colletotrichum spp. but also in additional species of Sordariomycetes including insect pathogens and saprophytes suggesting importance of CLU5 for fungal biology. Since CLU5a and CLU5d also occur in non‐pathogenic fungi and since they are expressed prior to plant invasion and even in vegetative hyphae, the encoded proteins probably do not act primarily as effectors.

show abstract

“…Three pairs of proteins, PoGpd1-DsRED2 and PoAtp1-eGFP, PoGpd2-eGFP and PoAtp1-DsRED2, and PoGpd1-DsRED2 and PoGpd2-eGFP, were co-localized together ( Figure 1D ). PoAtp1 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein ( Li et al, 2016 ). Therefore, PoGpd1 and PoGpd2 are co-localized to a mitochondrion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glutamine and α-ketoglutarate are synthesized to two molecules of glutamate by Glt1. Fungal infection in rice requires NAD + production meditated by a glyoxylate aminotransferase Agt1 ( Bhadauria et al, 2012 ), NADPH production through the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway ( Wilson et al, 2010 ), and ATP production by a transketolase Tkl1 ( Fernandez et al, 2014b ) or by an electron-transferring flavoprotein dehydrogenase EtfB ( Li et al, 2016 ) in P. oryzae . The involvement of the G-3-P shuttle in glycerol metabolism and regulation of NAD + /NADH ratio suggests its potentially important roles in the development and pathogenicity of P. oryzae and other filamentous pathogenic fungi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol-3-Phosphate Shuttle Is Involved in Development and Virulence in the Rice Blast Fungus Pyricularia oryzae

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) shuttle is an important pathway for delivery of cytosolic reducing equivalents into mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and plays essential physiological roles in yeast, plants, and animals. However, its role has been unclear in filamentous and pathogenic fungi. Here, we characterize the function of the G-3-P shuttle in Pyricularia oryzae by genetic and molecular analyses. In P. oryzae, a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (PoGpd1) is involved in NO production, conidiation, and utilization of several carbon sources (pyruvate, sodium acetate, glutamate, and glutamine). A glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (PoGpd2) is essential for glycerol utilization and fungal development. Deletion of PoGPD2 led to delayed aerial hyphal formation, accelerated aerial hyphal collapse, and reduced conidiation on complete medium (CM) under a light–dark cycle. Aerial mycelial surface hydrophobicity to water and Tween 20 was decreased in ΔPogpd2. Melanin synthesis genes required for cell wall construction and two transcription factor genes (COS1 and CONx2) required for conidiation and/or aerial hyphal differentiation were down-regulated in the aerial mycelia of ΔPogpd2 and ΔPogpd1. Culturing under continuous dark could complement the defects of aerial hyphal differentiation of ΔPogpd2 observed in a light–dark cycle. Two light-sensitive protein genes (PoSIR2 encoding an NAD+-dependent deacetylase and TRX2 encoding a thioredoxin 2) were up-regulated in ΔPogpd2 cultured on CM medium in a light–dark cycle. ΔPogpd2 showed an increased intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio and total NAD content, and alteration of intracellular ATP production. Culturing on minimal medium also could restore aerial hyphal differentiation of ΔPogpd2, which is deficient on CM medium in a light–dark cycle. Two glutamate synthesis genes, GDH1 and PoGLT1, which synthesize glutamate coupled with oxidation of NADH to NAD+, were significantly up-regulated in ΔPogpd2 in a light–dark cycle. Moreover, deletion of PoGpd1 or PoGpd2 led to reduced virulence of conidia or hyphae on rice. The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is involved in cellular redox, fungal development, and virulence in P. oryzae.

show abstract

Functional characterization of electron-transferring flavoprotein and its dehydrogenase required for fungal development and plant infection by the rice blast fungus

Cited by 22 publications

References 43 publications

The endosomal recycling of FgSnc1 by FgSnx41–FgSnx4 heterodimer is essential for polarized growth and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum

The endosomal recycling of FgSnc1 by FgSnx41–FgSnx4 heterodimer is essential for polarized growth and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum

Two genes in a pathogenicity gene cluster encoding secreted proteins are required for appressorial penetration and infection of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola

Glycerol-3-Phosphate Shuttle Is Involved in Development and Virulence in the Rice Blast Fungus Pyricularia oryzae

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About