Functional characterization of gibberellin signaling-related genes in Panax ginseng

Abstract

Gibberellins (GAs) are essential phytohormones for plant growth that influence developmental processes and crop yields. Recent functional genomic analyses of model plants have yielded good characterizations of the canonical GA signaling pathways and related genes. Although Panax ginseng has long been considered to have economic and medicinal importance, functional genomic studies of the GA signaling pathways in this crucial perennial herb plant have been rarely conducted. Here, we identified and performed functional analysis of the GA signaling-related genes, including PgGID1s, PgSLY1s, and PgRGAs. We confirmed that the physiological role of GA signaling components in P. ginseng was evolutionarily conserved. In addition, the important functional domains and amino acid residues for protein interactions among active GA, GID1, SCF SLY1 , and RGA were also functionally conserved. Prediction and comparison of crystallographic structural similarities between PgGID1s and AtGID1a supported their function as GA receptors. Moreover, the subcellular localization and GAdependent promotion of DELLA degradation in P. ginseng was similar to the canonical GA signaling pathways in other plants. Finally, we found that overexpression of PgRGA2 and PgSLY1-1 was sufficient to complement the GA-related phenotypes of atgid1a/c double-and rga quintuple-mutants, respectively. This critical information for these GA signaling genes has the potential to facilitate future genetic engineering and breeding of P. ginseng for increased crop yield and production of useful substances.

MtMKK5 inhibits nitrogen-fixing nodule development by enhancing defense signaling

“…Protein-protein interaction and immunoblotting assays Yeast-two-hybrid assay was performed as described by our previous study (Hong et al 2021a;Kim et al 2021). Myc-tagged MtMPK3/6 was transfected into Arabidopsis protoplasts with or without HA-tagged MtMKK5a plasmid DNA to conduct immuno precipitation (IP) experiments.…”