This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org PGF 2 ␣ are controlled by its synthesis and binding site. PGF 2 ␣ is synthesized by PGF synthase (PGFS; EC 1.1.1.188) and binds to a specifi c receptor, FP.PGFS exists as three isozymes: PGFS I (formerly lungtype PGFS), PGFS II (formerly liver-type PGFS) ( 3, 4 ), and prostamide/prostaglandin F synthase ( 5 ). The fi rst two isozymes, PGFS I and PGFS II, belong to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily based on their substrate specifi city, molecular weight ( ف 37 kDa), and amino acid sequences. In arachidonate metabolism, PGFS I and PGFS II catalyze two reductions of PGH 2 to PGF 2 ␣ and PGD 2 to 9 ␣ ,11  -PGF 2 . PGH 2 is synthesized from arachidonate by cyclooxygenase (COX), and PGD 2 is synthesized from PGH 2 by PGD synthase. The isozymes have different K m values for PGD 2 , i.e., 120 M for PGFS I and 10 M for PGFS II. Prostamide/prostaglandin F synthase was identifi ed recently as a new type of the enzyme that belongs to the thioredoxinlike superfamily ( 5 ). Prostamide/prostaglandin F synthase catalyzes both the reduction of prostamide H 2 to prostamide F 2 ␣ and that of PGH 2 to PGF 2 ␣ . However, PGD 2 does not serve as a substrate for the synthase.PGF 2 ␣ is one of the major prostanoids produced in the rat central nervous system, including the spinal cord ( 6 ), where PGF synthase activity is also detected ( 7 ). We have reported on the existence and localization of PGFS I and PGFS II in the rat spinal cord. Our previous immunocytochemical study of PGFS I in the rat spinal cord showed that the immunoreactivity was distributed widely in the gray substance and was especially strong in neuronal dendrites in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn and in lamina IX of the ventral horn ( 8 ). In contrast, PGFS II was not found in the neuronal elements but was found in ependymal Abstract Prostaglandin F 2 ␣ is synthesized by prostaglandin F synthase, which exists in two types, prostaglandin F synthase I (PGFS I) and prostaglandin F synthase II (PGFS II). Prostaglandin
Supplementary key words immunohistochemistry • neuron • dendriteIn the central and peripheral nervous systems, prostaglandin (PG) F 2 ␣ plays unique roles in various physiological and pharmacological activities, such as pain transmission (allodynia) in the spinal cord of conscious mice ( 1 ) and induction of depolarization in the postsynaptic actions of cerebellar Purkinje cell dendrites ( 2 ). These actions of
This work was supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists 16790172 to T.S-Y., for Scientifi c Research 19500295 to K.T., and for Scientifi c Research 18590185 to K.I.; by a grant from the ONO Medical Research Foundation to T.S-Y.; and by a grant from Hayashi Memorial Foundation to T.S-Y.Manuscript received 22 October 2008 and in revised form 13 March 2008 and in re-revised form 30 April 2009. Published, JLR Papers in Press, May 8, 2009 DOI 10.1194 Abbreviations: ABC, avidin-biotin complex; CLSM, confocal la...