Functional chitosan gel coating enhances antimicrobial properties and osteogenesis of titanium alloy under persistent chronic inflammation

Abstract

Titanium is widely used as surgical bone implants due to its excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility. However, due to chronic inflammation and bacterial infections caused by titanium implants, they are still at risk of failure in interfacial integration of bone implants, severely limiting their broad clinical application. In this work, chitosan gels crosslinked with glutaraldehyde were prepared and successfully loaded with silver nanoparticles (nAg) and catalase nanocapsules (n (CAT)) to achieve functionalized coating on the surface of titanium alloy steel plates. Under chronic inflammatory conditions, n (CAT) significantly reduced the expression of macrophage tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), increased the expression of osteoblast alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN), and enhanced osteogenesis. At the same time, nAg inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli. This work provides a general approach to functional coating of titanium alloy implants and other scaffolding materials.

Porous Titanium/SF Sponge Composite Scaffold with Loads of Gentamicin and Small Extracellular Vesicles to Improve Antibacterial and Osteogenesis Properties

“…Based on our team's previous research, porous titanium with a porosity of 50% and a designed pore size of 500 µm was selected here for biofunctional construction. [ 4 ] Conventional surface modification methods make it difficult to achieve a uniform coating with small pore size and high porosity structure. We take advantage of the fact that silk fibroin (SF) has good fluidity at low concentrations and can penetrate porous titanium with any complex macrostructure.…”

“…[1][2][3] Despite the high clinical success rate achieved with titanium implants, there remains a persistent risk of implant failure, with stress shielding and infection being two of the most significant factors DOI: 10.1002/admt.202301385 contributing to such failure. [4,5] The porous structure of materials has been demonstrated to effectively mitigate stress shielding effects and encourage bone in-growth, thereby enhancing the long-term stability of implants. [6,7] Additive Manufacturing (AM), a versatile technology, presents substantial advantages for the fabrication of titanium implants with predesigned porous architectures and complex geometries.…”

Progress in Surface Modification of Titanium Implants by Hydrogel Coatings

“…Due to their pH, ionic strength, and temperature sensitivity, chitosan-based hydrogels have good application prospects in the fields of targeting, sustained drug release, tissue engineering, and medical dressings [53]. Chitosan-based hydrogel coatings increase the antibacterial ability of the implant by loading antibacterial agents [54][55][56], or metal ions (Ag, Cu) [57][58][59][60]. Coatings give the implant the photocatalytic antibacterial effect by modifying or loading novel semiconductor materials, such as graphene [61], molybdenum disulfide [62], black phosphorus [63], and molybdenum diselenide [64].…”

Preparation of new nanofiber conducting scaffold-based polyaniline and polypyrrole grafted on chitosan with antibacterial properties

“…9 Chitosan (Cs) also has antibacterial properties and is widely used in polymer scaffolds. 10 These polymers are biocompatible and degrade gradually in biological environments, and this makes these compounds suitable for antibacterial gels, 11 smart drug delivery 12 and bone repair. 13 The molecular structure of Cs and its scaffolds is weak and has less resistance in food and biological environments.…”