Functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex in medication-naive individuals with major depressive disorder

Kong, Liang; Chen, Kaiyuan; Tang, Yanqing; Wu, Feng; Driesen, Naomi; Womer, Fay Y.; Fan, Guoguang; Ren, Ling; Jiang, Wenyan; Cao, Yang; Blumberg, Hilary P.; Xu, Ke; Wang, Fei

doi:10.1503/jpn.120117

Cited by 81 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In contrast, this balance between cortisol and HRV (vagal tone) was no more observed in CD and IBS patients. This argues for an uncoupling between the HPA axis and the ANS in both diseases and suggests a breakdown of the functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala as recently shown in depression and anxiety [47], [48]. These results are independent of the circadian cycle since the salivary level of cortisol is high in the morning and low in the evening in the three groups as normally observed [49], [50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Relationship between Vagal Tone, Cortisol, TNF-Alpha, Epinephrine and Negative Affects in Crohn’s Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

et al. 2014

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Crohn’s disease (CD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) involve brain-gut dysfunctions where vagus nerve is an important component. The aim of this work was to study the association between vagal tone and markers of stress and inflammation in patients with CD or IBS compared to healthy subjects (controls). The study was performed in 73 subjects (26 controls, 21 CD in remission and 26 IBS patients). The day prior to the experiment, salivary cortisol was measured at 8∶00 AM and 10∶00 PM. The day of the experiment, subjects completed questionnaires for anxiety (STAI) and depressive symptoms (CES-D). After 30 min of rest, ECG was recorded for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Plasma cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, TNF-alpha and IL-6 were measured in blood samples taken at the end of ECG recording. Compared with controls, CD and IBS patients had higher scores of state-anxiety and depressive symptomatology. A subgroup classification based on HRV-normalized high frequency band (HFnu) as a marker of vagal tone, showed that control subjects with high vagal tone had significantly lower evening salivary cortisol levels than subjects with low vagal tone. Such an effect was not observed in CD and IBS patients. Moreover, an inverse association (r = −0.48; p<0.05) was observed between the vagal tone and TNF-alpha level in CD patients exclusively. In contrast, in IBS patients, vagal tone was inversely correlated with plasma epinephrine (r = −0.39; p<0.05). No relationship was observed between vagal tone and IL-6, norepinephrine or negative affects (anxiety and depressive symptomatology) in any group. In conclusion, these data argue for an imbalance between the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and the vagal tone in CD and IBS patients. Furthermore, they highlight the specific homeostatic link between vagal tone and TNF-alpha in CD and epinephrine in IBS and argue for the relevance of vagus nerve reinforcement interventions in those diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Relationship between Vagal Tone, Cortisol, TNF-Alpha, Epinephrine and Negative Affects in Crohn’s Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

et al. 2014

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“…In line with studies of uninstructed ER in depressed adults (Dannlowski et al, 2007;Tang et al, 2007;Victor et al, 2010) and adolescents (Davey et al, 2011;Masten et al, 2011), one recent study found depressed adolescents showed greater activity than controls in the right amygdala in the maintain (versus reappraisal) condition (Perlman et al, 2012). Also replicating adult studies (Kong et al, 2013), this study showed there was less connectivity between the amygdala and the insula and medial PFC during this condition, suggesting adolescent depression may be associated with impaired neural control over affective responses. In contrast to adult studies (Erk et al, 2010;Goldin et al, 2009), however, during instructed reappraisal patients showed greater connectivity between the amygdala and the left medial frontal gyrus (MFG) and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex than controls (Perlman et al, 2012).…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

Cognitive reappraisal of peer rejection in depressed versus non-depressed adolescents: Functional connectivity differences

Platt

Campbell

James

et al. 2015

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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“…However, these studies did not examine functional connectivity. Prior studies examining emotion-dependent functional connectivity in depression have typically focused their analyses on nodes in the salience network, reporting diminished functional connectivity of the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, and mPFC in depressed versus healthy individuals (57-63). While this research suggests that MDD may be characterized by altered connectivity between the anterior hub of the DMN and structures involved in affective and salience processing (13, 16, 17), no work to date has examined both mPFC and PCC connectivity during emotional processing in depressed adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, context-dependent and resting-state functional connectivity analyses were conducted using these mPFC and PCC regions as seeds. Based on previous studies implicating aberrant functional connectivity in MDD, we predicted that depressed adolescents would exhibit altered emotion-dependent connectivity of the DMN and that the strength of these connections would correlate positively with depression severity (57-63). Given the role of the DMN in self-referential processing and its association with depression in adults, we hypothesized that emotion-dependent functional connectivity of the DMN would correlate with clinical measures of rumination (29, 34, 36, 39).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion-Dependent Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network in Adolescent Depression

Connolly

Blom

et al. 2015

Biological Psychiatry

181

141

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Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research suggests that both adult and adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is marked by aberrant connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) during resting-state. However, emotional dysresgulation is also a key feature of MDD. No studies to date have examined emotion-related DMN pathology in adolescent depression. Comprehensively understanding the dynamics of DMN connectivity across brain states in depressed individuals with short disease histories could provide insight into the etiology of MDD. Methods We collected fMRI data during an emotion identification task and also during resting-state from 26 medication-free adolescents (13-17 years) with MDD and 37 wellmatched healthy controls (HCL). We examined between-group differences in blood oxygenation level-dependent task responses, emotion-dependent, and resting-state functional connectivity of the two primary nodes of the DMN: medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Additionally, we examined between-group differences in DMN functional connectivity and its relationship to depression severity. Results Relative to HCL, unmedicated MDD adolescents demonstrated reduced mPFC and PCC emotion-related deactivation and greater mPFC and PCC emotion-dependent functional connectivity with precuneus, cingulate gyrus, and striatum/subcallosal cingulate gyrus. Importantly, PCC-subcallosal cingulate connectivity remained inflexibly elevated in MDD versus HCL during resting-state. Lastly, stronger PCC emotion-dependent functional connectivity was associated with greater depression severity and an earlier age of depression onset. Conclusions Adolescent depression is associated with inflexibly elevated DMN connections. Given recent evidence of DMN maturation throughout adolescence, our findings suggest that early-onset depression adversely impacts normal development of functional brain networks.

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Functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex in medication-naive individuals with major depressive disorder

Cited by 81 publications

References 58 publications

Relationship between Vagal Tone, Cortisol, TNF-Alpha, Epinephrine and Negative Affects in Crohn’s Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Relationship between Vagal Tone, Cortisol, TNF-Alpha, Epinephrine and Negative Affects in Crohn’s Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Cognitive reappraisal of peer rejection in depressed versus non-depressed adolescents: Functional connectivity differences

Emotion-Dependent Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network in Adolescent Depression

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