Functional Divergence of Microtubule-Associated TPX2 Family Members in Arabidopsis thaliana

Tomaštíková, Eva Dvořák; Rutten, Twan; Dvořák, Petr; Tugai, Alisa; Ptošková, Klára; Petrovská, Beáta; Damme, Daniël Van; Houben, Andreas; Doležel, Jaroslav; Demidov, Dmitri

doi:10.3390/ijms21062183

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The three time points assessed after the single seaweed extract application were also examined for ROS-related gene expression. Four genes were examined: (1) respiratory burst oxidase protein D (RBOHD), which has multiple roles in controlling cell death [27]; (2) glutathione S-transferase Phi8 (GSTF8), which is involved in detoxification of ROS [28]; (3) senescence-associated gene 21 (SAG21), which mediates tolerance to oxidative stresses [29]; and (4) targeting protein for XKLP2 (TPX2), which is involved in cellular responses to oxidative stress [30]. These key ROS-related genes showed varying patterns of expression at each time point after SWE application.…”

Section: Ros-associated Gene Expression In a Thalianamentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweed Extract-Stimulated Priming in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum

Islam

Arioli

Cahill

2021

Plants

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Plant priming is an induced physiological state where plants are protected from biotic and abiotic stresses. Whether seaweed extracts promote priming is largely unknown as is the mechanism by which priming may occur. In this study, we examined the effect of a seaweed extract (SWE) on two distinct stages of plant priming (priming phase and post-challenge primed state) by characterising (i) plant gene expression responses using qRT-PCR and (ii) signal transduction responses by evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The SWE is made from the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum and Durvillaea potatorum. The priming phase was examined using both Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum. At this stage, the SWE up-regulated key priming-related genes, such as those related to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and activated the production of ROS. These responses were found to be temporal (lasting 3 days). The post-challenge primed state was examined using A. thaliana challenged with a root pathogen. Similarly, defence response-related genes, such as PR1 and NPR1, were up-regulated and ROS production was activated (lasting 5 days). This study found that SWE induces plant priming-like responses by (i) up-regulating genes associated with plant defence responses and (ii) increasing production of ROS associated with signalling responses.

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Section: Ros-associated Gene Expression In a Thalianamentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweed Extract-Stimulated Priming in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum

Islam

Arioli

Cahill

2021

Plants

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“…Bju.TPX2 was upregulated in PJ and was identified as a hub gene in the darkred module, which is positively correlated with an increase in the seed size. TPX2 is a positive regulator of cell proliferation ( Tomaštíková et al, 2020 ), and its coexpression with genes associated with endosperm development warrants detailed analysis of its role in seed development in B. juncea with respect to the determination of seed size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Seed Transcriptome and Coexpression Analysis Reveal Candidate Genes for Enhancing Seed Size/Weight in Brassica juncea

et al. 2022

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Seed size/weight is a multigenic trait that is governed by complex transcriptional regulatory pathways. An understanding of the genetic basis of seed size is of great interest in the improvement of seed yield and quality in oilseed crops. A global transcriptome analysis was performed at the initial stages of seed development in two lines of Brassica juncea, small-seeded EH-2 and large-seeded PJ. The anatomical analyses revealed significant differences in cell number and cell size in the outer layer of the seed coat between EH-2 and PJ. Pairwise comparisons at each developmental stage identified 5,974 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two lines, of which 954 genes belong to different families of transcription factors. Two modules were found to be significantly correlated with an increased seed size using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. The DEG and coexpression datasets were integrated with the thousand seed weight (Tsw) quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapped earlier in the EPJ (EH-2 × PJ) doubled haploid (DH) population, which identified forty potential key components controlling seed size. The candidate genes included genes regulating the cell cycle, cell wall biogenesis/modification, solute/sugar transport, and hormone signaling. The results provide a valuable resource to widen the current understanding of regulatory mechanisms underlying seed size in B. juncea.

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“…If cells are indeed close to this alternative regime, a substantial local increase in the factors that recruit nucleation complexes could over time trap a large fraction of these complexes to a specific region. The "group A" TPX2/TPXL proteins are ideal, though currently speculative, candidates for supporting preprophase band formation this way, as they are indicated in the recruitment of nucleation complexes to microtubules [69] and contain a nuclear importin domain [70], which could provide the correct perinuclear positioning of a high nucleation zone upon release. Simulations show that concentrating microtubule nucleation to the future band region can indeed reproduce a preprophase band-like structure [71].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation complex behaviour is critical for cortical microtubule array homogeneity and patterning

Jacobs¹,

Schneider

Molenaar³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Plant cell walls are versatile materials that can adopt a wide range of mechanical properties through controlled deposition of cellulose fibrils. Wall integrity requires a sufficiently homogeneous fibril distribution to cope effectively with wall stresses. Additionally, specific conditions, such as the negative pressure in water transporting xylem vessels, may require more complex wall patterns, e.g., bands in protoxylem. The orientation and patterning of cellulose fibrils is guided by dynamic cortical microtubules. New microtubules are predominantly nucleated from parent microtubules causing positive feedback on local microtubule density with the potential to yield highly inhomogeneous patterns. Inhomogeneity indeed appears in all current cortical array simulations that include microtubule-based nucleation, suggesting that plant cells must possess an as-yet unknown balancing mechanism to prevent it. Here, in a combined simulation and experimental approach, we show that the naturally limited local recruitment of nucleation complexes to microtubules can counter the positive feedback, whereas local tubulin depletion cannot. We observe that nucleation complexes are preferentially inserted at microtubules. By incorporating our experimental findings in stochastic simulations, we find that the spatial behaviour of nucleation complexes delicately balances the positive feedback, such that differences in local microtubule dynamics -- as in developing protoxylem -- can quickly turn a homogeneous array into a patterned one. Our results provide insight into how the plant cytoskeleton is wired to meet diverse mechanical requirements and greatly increase the predictive power of computational cell biology studies.

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Functional Divergence of Microtubule-Associated TPX2 Family Members in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 19 publications

References 49 publications

Seaweed Extract-Stimulated Priming in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum

Seaweed Extract-Stimulated Priming in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum

Comparative Analysis of Seed Transcriptome and Coexpression Analysis Reveal Candidate Genes for Enhancing Seed Size/Weight in Brassica juncea

Nucleation complex behaviour is critical for cortical microtubule array homogeneity and patterning

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