“…The transport of Glu in MV and its effect on pineal metabolic activity has been well studied in several mammals (Govitrapong and Ebadi, 1988;McNulty et al, 1992;Kus et al, 1993Kus et al, , 1994Redecker and Veh, 1994;van Wyk and Daya, 1994;Moriyama and Yamamoto, 1995a,b;Yamada et al, 1996aYamada et al, ,b, 1997bYamada et al, , 1998a. Glu is taken up into both pinealocytes (Yamada et al, 1997b) and interstitial cells (Redecker and Pabst, 2000) mainly via a type 1 Na ϩ -dependent Glu transporter and then stored in MV via the synaptic vesicle protein of type 2 (SV2B, Hayashi et al, 1998). Following cell depolarization, Glu is released by exocytosis via Ca 2ϩ -dependent mechanisms.…”