Functional Fecal Incontinence in Children

Bongers, Marloes E.J.; Benninga, Marc A.

doi:10.1159/000101717

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…FI is defined as passage of a stool without control (usually in a socially inappropriate place) after 4 years of age, at least once a month over a 3-month period. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] When first presented, FI may be associated with CC, which causes misguided management, yet studies have shown that over 80% of children with CC also suffer from FI [11][12][13] and thus their coexistence is now universally accepted. FI has an estimated worldwide prevalence in children of up to 8%, 14 with the majority of children having it secondary to CC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anorectal manometry in pediatric settings: A systematic review of 227 studies

Yates

Friedmacher

Cleeve

et al. 2020

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Background: There is wide variation in the clinical use of diagnostic tools for children with chronic constipation and functional/structural fecal incontinence (CCFSFI). Anorectal manometry (ARM) is a well-recognized technique to assess the function of the anorectum. Purpose: Our aim was to perform an up-to-date review on ARM in pediatric patients with CCFSFI, with specific focus on the indication of use and protocol. Variation of its use in pediatrics will be explored. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for empirical studies utilizing ARM with a pediatric sample. A keyword search of literature published in English before July 2018 was conducted and updated to October 2019. Data on demographics, clinical information, study aims, ARM parameters and use of sedation/anesthesia were collected. Key Results: A total of 227 studies were included in this systematic review. The age of study participants at the time of ARM ranged from birth to 18 years. ARM was most commonly used in patients with organic conditions (65%) compared to functional constipation (41%). In almost half [108/227 (48%)] of the studies, ARM was performed awake. The ARM parameters most frequently assessed were the rectoanal inhibitory reflex, which was evaluated in 198/227 studies (87%) and the anal resting pressure [166/227 studies (73%)]. Conclusions and Inferences: This systematic review has highlighted the vast variation of ARM use within pediatrics and the need to strive toward standardization and use of consensus guidelines. We anticipate this will further advance our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in children with defecation disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anorectal manometry in pediatric settings: A systematic review of 227 studies

Yates

Friedmacher

Cleeve

et al. 2020

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…Prevalence of FI varies from less than 1% to more than 4% in children around the world (2–6). It is more common among boys (7), younger children, and those from lower socioeconomic background (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Constipation‐associated and Nonretentive Fecal Incontinence in Children and Adolescents: An Epidemiological Survey in Sri Lanka

Rajindrajith¹,

Devanarayana

Benninga

2010

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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“…FI typically involves diarrhea, impaired bowel storage capacity, and a weakening of the pelvic floor [ 1 , 2 ] ( Table 1 ). FI is usually considered abnormal after about 4 years of age once toilet training has been completed [ 3 ].…”

Section: Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is Fecal Incontinence That Urologist Need to Know?

et al. 2021

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Fecal incontinence (FI) undoubtedly reduces quality of life and adversely affects the social life of the affected individual. FI has a higher prevalence with age and has an equivalent prevalence to urinary incontinence in patients with genitourinary disease, but is often not confirmed in these cases. A thorough investigation is needed to diagnose FI, with the common etiology of this condition in mind, and several questionnaires can be used to identify symptoms. The physical examination contains digital rectal examination carries out to identify the patient’s condition. Ultrasound, colonoscopy, and rectum pressure test can be performed. Patients educated in diet-related issues, bowel movements, and defecation mechanism. Nonoperative options such as diet control and Kegel exercise should be performed at first. Surgical treatment of FI is considered when conservative management and oral medications produce no improvement. Surgical options include less invasive procedures like bulking agent injections, and more involved approaches from sacral nerve stimulation to invasive direct sphincter repair and artificial bowel sphincter insertion. Good outcomes in FI cases have also recently been reported for barrier devices.

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Functional Fecal Incontinence in Children

Cited by 5 publications

References 98 publications

Anorectal manometry in pediatric settings: A systematic review of 227 studies

Anorectal manometry in pediatric settings: A systematic review of 227 studies

Constipation‐associated and Nonretentive Fecal Incontinence in Children and Adolescents: An Epidemiological Survey in Sri Lanka

What Is Fecal Incontinence That Urologist Need to Know?

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