Functional gait asymmetry in able-bodied subjects

Sadeghi, Heydar; Allard, Paul; Duhaime, Morris

doi:10.1016/s0167-9457(96)00054-1

Cited by 166 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In this regard, gait symmetry is defined as a complete harmony between the activities of the lower limbs during walking [1]. However, some studies consider gait symmetry when the values measured for the lateral limbs are the same, or their differences are not statistically significant [10]. Nevertheless, despite the different definitions, the main idea for describing the concept of gait symmetry is when the bilateral limbs have similar activities [1,9].…”

Section: Definition Of Gait Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ellis et al [7] reported that increased gait asymmetry would increase metabolic and mechanical costs, suggesting the gait symmetry as the best prescription for healthy people. Thus, achieving full gait symmetry in most cases is an important target for physiotherapy in people with various diseases and functional anomalies [5,8], although many other papers have not supported this claim [9,10]. However, many scholars have discussed the issue of gait symmetry in people with and without various diseases and anomalies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Selected Factors Affecting Gait Symmetry

Nasirzade

Sadeghi

Mokhtarinia

et al. 2017

PTJ

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Purpose: Because walking is the main activity of humans for movement, many research studies have been conducted to understand its details. One of the main issues in this regard is gait symmetry and the effect of various factors on it. Accordingly, the present study aimed to review the selected factors affecting gait symmetry. Methods:A literature review was performed on articles published from 2000 to 2016 using Science Direct, Google scholar, PubMed, Ovid Medline, Scopus and Medline databases. The search keywords were "gait asymmetry", "bilateral coordination", "bilateral asymmetry", "limb dominance", "laterality", "limb preference" and "performance asymmetry."Results: A total of 60 scientific articles were selected according to the research criteria by searching the relevant articles published from 2000 to 2016 in reliable scientific databases. Conclusion:A review of the previous studies shows that walking in normal people is asymmetric in terms of the lower limb function. Also, limb disorder due to the illness and or disorder creates gait asymmetry. Therefore, regaining perfect symmetry or decreasing gait asymmetry by exercise and intervention in such individuals is considered a method to examine the success of rehabilitation process. However, as factors like movement speed and age can affect gait asymmetry, they should be controlled during the examination of gait asymmetry. Moreover, this information could be useful for gait assessment, clinical prescriptions for patients with abnormalities, designing orthosis and prosthesis, as well as improving the performance of athletes.

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Section: Definition Of Gait Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Selected Factors Affecting Gait Symmetry

Nasirzade

Sadeghi

Mokhtarinia

et al. 2017

PTJ

Self Cite

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“…One typical application of PCA to gait data is to examine interrelationships between joints, muscles, and/or body segments in healthy gait (e.g., MacLellan & McFadyen, 2010;Palta, 1985;Sadeghi et al, 1997;Wootten et al, 1990). In these applications, PCA is often applied to gait waveform data in one of two manners: (a) conduct one PCA for each subject using a joints/muscles/segments × time matrix (e.g., Bennett et al, 2010;Herr & Popovic, 2008;Mah et al, 1994;Raptopoulos et al, 2006); or (b) conduct one PCA for each joint/muscle/segment using a subjects × time matrix (e.g., Ivanenko et al, 2004;Laassel et al, 1992;Loslever et al, 1994;Sadeghi et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel Factor Analysis of gait waveform data: A multimode extension of Principal Component Analysis

Helwig

Hong

Polk

2012

Human Movement Science

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Gait data are typically collected in multivariate form, so some multivariate analysis is often used to understand interrelationships between observed data. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a data reduction technique for correlated multivariate data, has been widely applied by gait analysts to investigate patterns of association in gait waveform data (e.g., interrelationships between joint angle waveforms from different subjects and/or joints). Despite its widespread use in gait analysis, PCA is for two-mode data, whereas gait data are often collected in higher-mode form. In this paper, we present the benefits of analyzing gait data via Parallel Factor Analysis (Parafac), which is a component analysis model designed for three-or higher-mode data. Using three-mode joint angle waveform data (subjects × time × joints), we demonstrate Parafac's ability to (a) determine interpretable components revealing the primary interrelationships between lowerlimb joints in healthy gait and (b) identify interpretable components revealing the fundamental differences between normal and perturbed subjects' gait patterns across multiple joints. Our results offer evidence of the complex interconnections that exist between lower-limb joints and limb segments in both normal and abnormal gaits, confirming the need for the simultaneous analysis of multi-joint gait waveform data (especially when studying perturbed gait patterns).ii To my loving and supportive family.iii

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“…Among those, principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular, theoretically generic method, in part because it is numerically feasible for large dimensional systems (Braido & Zhang, 2004;Sadeghi, Allard, & Duhaume, 1997;Wu & Jue Wang, 2007). PCA is datadriven, implying that its results are inherently a function of the data set to which it is applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%