Functional geometry of the cortex encodes dimensions of consciousness

Huang, Zirui; Mashour, George A.; Hudetz, Anthony G.

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-35764-7

Cited by 65 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Voxels within each gradient are categorized according to their similarity in activity patterns, with those at one end of the gradient being more similar (less functionally differentiated) than those at the other. Our results showed that the principal gradient ranged from unimodal cortices (e.g., somatomotor and visual networks) to transmodal cortices (e.g., frontoparietal and default-mode networks) (Figure 1A and 1B), which is consistent with previous studies (Bethlehem et al, 2020;Girn et al, 2022;Huang et al, 2023;Margulies et al, 2016).…”

Section: Nitrous Oxide Reduces Functional Differentiation In Cortexsupporting

confidence: 92%

Psychedelic Concentrations of Nitrous Oxide Reduce Functional Differentiation in Frontoparietal and Somatomotor Cortical Networks

Dai

Huang

Larkin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Despite the longstanding use of nitrous oxide and descriptions of its psychological effects more than a century ago, there is a paucity of neurobiological investigation of associated psychedelic experiences. Identifying the impact of nitrous oxide on functional brain networks would advance understanding and contribute to the growing body of research in psychedelic neuroscience. Based on human resting-state fMRI data acquired before and during the administration of 35% nitrous oxide, we measured the brain's functional geometry (through analysis of cortical gradients) and temporal dynamics (through analysis of co-activation patterns). Both analyses show that nitrous oxide reduces functional differentiation in frontoparietal and somatomotor networks. Importantly, the subjective psychedelic experience induced by nitrous oxide is inversely correlated with the degree of functional differentiation. Thus, like classical psychedelics acting on 5-HT2 receptors, nitrous oxide flattens the functional geometry of the cortex and disrupts temporal dynamics in association with psychoactive effects.

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Section: Nitrous Oxide Reduces Functional Differentiation In Cortexsupporting

confidence: 92%

Psychedelic Concentrations of Nitrous Oxide Reduce Functional Differentiation in Frontoparietal and Somatomotor Cortical Networks

Dai

Huang

Larkin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…4, E and F). Similar patterns of cationaromatic clusters are also abundant in some lipid-binding proteins (40,43). The wild-type Scf1 peptide was similarly able to adhere to phosphotidylcholine microparticles, and SCF1 expression potentiated lipid particle binding by C. auris cells, suggesting that Scf1 may also contribute to association with biotic substrates (fig.…”

Section: Scf1 and Iff4109 Have Distinct Nonspecific Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In its primary sequence, the Scf1 N-terminal domain exhibits an enrichment of arginine and lysine residues compared with other yeast adhesins (table S2). Adhesive systems in many marine organisms rely on similarly cation-rich proteins, which act through the displacement of hydrated ions at the surface-liquid interface or direct cation-p interactions with substrates (36)(37)(38)(39)(40). We reasoned that if Scf1 relied on such interactions, then adhesion could be inhibited by a saturating concentration of cations at the substrate interface that could not be competitively displaced by SCF1.…”

Section: Scf1 and Iff4109 Have Distinct Nonspecific Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Candida auris –specific adhesin, Scf1 , governs surface association, colonization, and virulence

Santana,

Anku,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Science

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Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen responsible for health care–associated outbreaks that arise from persistent surface and skin colonization. We characterized the arsenal of adhesins used by C. auris and discovered an uncharacterized adhesin, Surface Colonization Factor (Scf1), and a conserved adhesin, Iff4109, that are essential for the colonization of inert surfaces and mammalian hosts. SCF1 is apparently specific to C. auris , and its expression mediates adhesion to inert and biological surfaces across isolates from all five clades. Unlike canonical fungal adhesins, which function through hydrophobic interactions, Scf1 relies on exposed cationic residues for surface association. SCF1 is required for C. auris biofilm formation, skin colonization, virulence in systemic infection, and colonization of inserted medical devices.

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“…There is growing evidence showing that conscious experience may be represented at the brain network level 17,21 . Thanks to the simultaneously recorded LFP data in multiple brain regions with a high signal-to-noise ratio and high spatial-temporal resolution, we can analyze the dynamic functional connectivity changes under the aware and unaware conditions at the millisecond scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a few recent studies have suggested that awareness may be related to the activities of brain networks, including the PFC, rather than that of a single brain region. However, most of these brain network studies used noninvasive research methods 17,21 , and due to the limitations mentioned above, it is difficult to detect the dynamic changes in brain networks in a more precise spatial-temporal profile during the generation of visual awareness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The involvement of the human prefrontal cortex in the emergence of visual awareness

Fang

Dang

Ling

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Exploring the neural mechanisms of awareness is a fundamental task of cognitive neuroscience. There is an ongoing dispute regarding the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the emergence of awareness, which is partially raised by the confound between report- and awareness-related activity. To address this problem, we designed a visual awareness task that can minimize report-related confounding. Our results show that saccadic latency is significantly shorter in the aware trials than in the unaware trials. Local field potential (LFP) data from 6 patients consistently show early (200-300 ms) awareness-related activity in the PFC, including event-related potential and high-gamma activity. Moreover, the awareness state can be reliably decoded by the neural activity in the PFC since the early stage, and the neural pattern is dynamically changed rather than being stable during the representation of awareness. Furthermore, the enhancement of dynamic functional connectivity, through the phase modulation at low frequency, between the PFC and other brain regions in the early stage of the awareness trials may explain the mechanism of conscious access. And the spatiotemporal overlap between the awareness-related activity and the inter-regional connectivity in PFC suggested that conscious access and phenomenal awareness may be closely coupled. These results indicate that the PFC is critically involved in the emergence of awareness

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Functional geometry of the cortex encodes dimensions of consciousness

Cited by 65 publications

References 73 publications

Psychedelic Concentrations of Nitrous Oxide Reduce Functional Differentiation in Frontoparietal and Somatomotor Cortical Networks

Psychedelic Concentrations of Nitrous Oxide Reduce Functional Differentiation in Frontoparietal and Somatomotor Cortical Networks

A Candida auris –specific adhesin, Scf1 , governs surface association, colonization, and virulence

The involvement of the human prefrontal cortex in the emergence of visual awareness

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